¹ØÓÚÍêÉƶÔÔöֵ˰¡°ËÄСƱ¡±Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíµÄ½¨Òé

²ÆÕþ²¿ºÍË°Îñ×ܾÖÓÚ2018Äê4ÔÂ4ÈÕ·¢²¼¡¶¡· ²ÆË°¡²2018¡³33ºÅ£¬Í¨ÖªÖй涨Ôöֵ˰С¹æÄ£ÄÉË°È˱ê׼ΪÄêÓ¦Õ÷Ôöֵ˰ÏúÊÛ¶î500ÍòÔª¼°ÒÔÏ£»°´ÕÕ¡¶¡·µÚ¶þÊ®°ËÌõ¹æ¶¨ÒѵǼÇΪÔöֵ˰һ°ãÄÉË°È˵ĵ¥Î»ºÍ¸öÈË£¬ÔÚ2018Äê12ÔÂ31ÈÕÇ°£¬¿ÉתµÇ¼ÇΪС¹æÄ£ÄÉË°ÈË£¬ÆäδµÖ¿ÛµÄ½øÏîË°¶î×÷ת³ö´¦Àí¡£±¾Í¨Öª×Ô2018Äê5ÔÂ1ÈÕÆðÖ´ÐС£ ±¾Í¨ÖªÒ»¸öÖØ´óµ÷Õû¾ÍÊÇ2018Äê5ÔÂ1ÈÕÖ®ºóҪͳһÔöֵ˰С¹æÄ£ÄÉË°È˵ıê×¼£¬Ôöֵ˰С¹æÄ£ÄÉË°È˱ê׼ΪÄêÓ¦Õ÷Ôöֵ˰ÏúÊÛ¶î500ÍòÔª¼°ÒÔÏ¡£ ÁíÍâÒ»¸öÖØ´óµ÷Õû¾ÍÊÇ2018Äê5ÔÂ1ÈÕÖ®ºóÖÁ2018Äê12ÔÂ31ÈÕÇ°£¬ÒѵǼÇΪÔöֵ˰һ°ãÄÉË°È˵ĵ¥Î»ºÍ¸öÈË£¬Èç¹ûÄêÓ¦Õ÷Ôöֵ˰ÏúÊÛ¶îΪ500ÍòÔª¼°ÒÔÏ£¬¿ÉתµÇ¼ÇΪС¹æÄ£ÄÉË°ÈË¡£ ÕâÁ½¸öµ÷Õû¶¼Éæ¼°µ½ÄêÓ¦Õ÷ÏúÊ۶¿´À´Õâ¸öÄêÓ¦Õ÷ÏúÊÛ¶îµÄ¼ÆËãÕæµÄºÜÖØÒª£¬ÎÒÃǾÍÒ»ÆðÀ´¿´Ò»Ï¡£Ò»¡¢ÄêÓ¦Õ÷ÏúÊÛ¶îÁ¬Ðø¼ÆËã ÄêÓ¦Õ÷ÏúÊ۶ÊÇÖ¸ÄÉË°ÈËÔÚÁ¬Ðø²»³¬¹ý12¸öÔ»òËĸö¼¾¶ÈµÄ¾­ÓªÆÚÄÚÀÛ¼ÆÓ¦Õ÷Ôöֵ˰ÏúÊ۶°üÀ¨ÄÉË°É걨ÏúÊ۶»ü²é²é²¹ÏúÊ۶ÄÉË°ÆÀ¹Àµ÷ÕûÏúÊ۶ ¶þ¡¢ÄêÓ¦Õ÷ÏúÊÛ¶îÖ¸²»º¬Ë°ÏúÊÛ¶î Èý¡¢ÄêÓ¦Õ÷ÏúÊÛ¶îµÄÄÚÈÝ °üÀ¨ÄÉË°É걨ÏúÊ۶»ü²é²é²¹ÏúÊ۶ÄÉË°ÆÀ¹Àµ÷ÕûÏúÊ۶ ËÄ¡¢ËùÊôÆÚ¼ä »ü²é²é²¹ÏúÊÛ¶îºÍÄÉË°ÆÀ¹Àµ÷ÕûÏúÊÛ¶î¼ÆÈë²é²¹Ë°¿îÉ걨µ±ÔµÄÏúÊ۶²»¼ÆÈëË°¿îËùÊôÆÚÏúÊ۶Îå¡¢¿Û³ýÏîÄ¿ ÏúÊÛ·þÎñ¡¢ÎÞÐÎ×ʲú»òÕß²»¶¯²úÓп۳ýÏîÄ¿µÄÄÉË°ÈË£¬ÆäӦ˰ÐÐΪÄêÓ¦Õ÷ÏúÊ۶δ¿Û³ý֮ǰµÄÏúÊÛ¶î¼ÆËã¡£ Áù¡¢²»¼ÆÈëÇéÐÎ ÄÉË°ÈËżȻ·¢ÉúµÄÏúÊÛÎÞÐÎ×ʲú¡¢×ªÈò»¶¯²úµÄÏúÊ۶²»¼ÆÈëӦ˰ÐÐΪÄêÓ¦Õ÷ÏúÊ۶ Á˽âÁËÄêÓ¦Õ÷ÏúÊÛ¶îµÄ¼ÆË㣬Äã×Ô¼º¿ÉÒÔÏȲâËãÒ»ÏÂŶ£¬¼ÙÈçÄãÊÇÒ»°ãÄÉË°ÈË£¬²¢Âú×ãÁËС¹æÄ£ÄÉË°È˵ıê×¼£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÚÄêµ×ǰתΪС¹æÄ£ÄÉË°ÈË¡£ з¨¹æµÄ·¢²¼Ó°Ïì×Åÿһ¸ö»á¼ÆÈËÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷£¬ÎÒÃÇÒ»¶¨ÒªÕÆÎÕÏà¹ØµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÕâÑù²Å²»»áÈÃÎÒÃǵĻá¼Æ¹¤×÷³öÏÖç¢Â©¡£ÌØÍƳöÏëҪȫÃæÕÆÎÕË°ÊÕ·¨¹æ£¬½ô¸úʱ´ú·¢Õ¹µÄ²ÆË°ÈË£¬Ò»¶¨²»ÄÜ´í¹ý¡£Ïà¹ØÍƼö£º±¾ÎÄÊÇÕý±£»á¼ÆÍøУԭ´´ÎÄÕ£¬×ªÔØÇë×¢Ã÷À´×ÔÕý±£»á¼ÆÍøУ¡£¡¾¡¿ ÔðÈα༭£ºÔ²Ä¾Ä¾ 4Ôµ×֮ǰÊÕµ½µÄÔöֵ˰½øÏƱÄܲ»ÄÜÔÚ5ÔÂ1ÈÕÖ®ºóµÖ¿Û£¿

¡¾ÕªÒª¡¿±¾ÎĶԸßְԺУͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±µÄÏÖ×´ºÍ´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁË·ÖÎö, ̽ÌÖÁËÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÔÚ¸ßְͼÊé¹Ý¹ÜÀíÖеÄÖØÒªÐÔ,²¢Ìá³öÁ˽â¾ö´æÔÚÎÊÌâµÄ¶Ô²ß¼°½¨ÉèÐÔÒâ¼û¡£ ¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿¸ßְͼÊé¹Ý ;ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ ;ÏÖ×´;·¢Õ¹¶Ô²ß ¡¾Abstract¡¿This paper analysis the status quo and problems about the library staff in vocational colleges,and discuss the importance of the human resources management in the llibrary management,put forward the countermeasure and coutructive comments to solve the problems. ¡¾Key words¡¿Vocational library ;human resources ;the status quo;countermeasure ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ÊÇÏÖ´úÉç»á×ÊÔ´ÖÐ×îÖØÒª¡¢×î»îÔ¾µÄÉú²úÒªËØ,´Ó20ÊÀ¼Í80Äê´ú¿ªÊ¼Êܵ½¹úÄÚÍâÆóÒµµÄÆÕ±éÖØÊÓ,½ü10ÄêÀ´ÔÚ¹úÄÚͼÊé¹Ý½çÒ²µÃµ½¸ß¶ÈÖØÊÓ,ÈÕÇ°(2009Äê2ÔÂ22ÈÕ),±ÊÕßÒÔ Í¼Êé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ Ϊ¹Ø¼ü´Ê,ÒÔ1989~1999ÄêºÍ2000~2009ÄêÁ½¸öʱ¼ä¶ÎÔÚάÆÕ¡¶ÖÐÎĿƼ¼ÆÚ¿¯Êý¾Ý¿â¡·Öзֱð¼ìË÷µ½10ƪºÍ893ƪÎÄÕÂ,ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö,½ü10ÄêÀ´ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÔÚͼÊé¹Ý½çµÃµ½¸ß¶ÈÖØÊÓ,ÒÔͬÑùµÄʱ¼ä¶Î±ÊÕßÒÔ ¸ßְͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ Ϊ¹Ø¼ü´Ê,ÔÚάÆÕ¡¶ÖÐÎĿƼ¼ÆÚ¿¯Êý¾Ý¿â¡·ÖмìË÷µ½µÄ½á¹ûÊÇ 0 ¡£Òò´Ë¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö,Ïà¶ÔÆÕͨ¸ßУͼÊé¹ÝÀ´Ëµ,¸ßְͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´Ëƺõ»¹Ã»ÓÐÒýÆð×ã¹»µÄÖØÊÓ,Ϊ´Ë ,±ÊÕ߾͸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ÏÖ×´Óë¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹¶Ô²ßµÈÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁËһЩ̽ÌÖ¡£ 1 ¸ßְͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄÖØÒªÒâÒå ÔÚ¡¶Öй²ÖÐÑë¹úÎñÔº¹ØÓÚÉ½ÌÓý¸Ä¸ïÈ«ÃæÍƽøËØÖʽÌÓýµÄ¾ö¶¨¡·ÖÐ,¹ú¼Ò½«¸ßÖ°½ÌÓý¶¨Î»Îª: ¸ßµÈÖ°Òµ¼¼Êõ½ÌÓýÊǸߵȽÌÓýµÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö,´óÁ¦·¢Õ¹¸ßµÈÖ°Òµ¼¼Êõ½ÌÓý,ÅàÑøÒ»´óÅú¾ßÓбØÒªµÄÀíÂÛ֪ʶºÍ½ÏÇ¿µÄʵ¼ùÄÜÁ¦¡¢Éú²ú¡¢½¨Éè¡¢¹ÜÀí¡¢·þÎñµÚÒ»ÏߺÍÅ©´å¼±ÐèµÄרÃÅÈ˲Š¡£¸ßÖ°½ÌÓýµÄ¶¨Î»ÎªÆä´øÀ´ÁËÁ¼ºÃµÄ·¢Õ¹»úÓö¡£Í¬Ê±½ÌÓý²¿»¹°Ñ¶Ô¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝµÄÒªÇó×÷ΪÆÀ¹ÀµÄÈýÌõ¸ßѹÏßÖ®Ò»,ΪÁË˳Àûͨ¹ýÆÀ¹À,Ðí¶à¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÔÚ¹ÝÉá¡¢ÎÄÏ××ÊÔ´ºÍÏÖ´ú»¯½¨ÉèµÈ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©·½Ã涼ȡµÃÁË¿çԾʽµÄ·¢Õ¹,µ«ÓÉÓÚ¸ßְԺУÆÀ¹ÀÖ¸±êÌåϵ¶ÔÈ˲ÅËØÖÊûÓоßÌåÒªÇó,µ¼Ö¸ßְͼÊé¹Ý·¢Õ¹³öÏÖÁË ÖØ»ù´¡½¨Éè,ÇáÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢,Öص¥Ò»»ù±¾µÄÁ÷ͨ¡¢ÔÄÀÀ·þÎñ,²»ÇóÌáÉýÉî²ã´Î·þÎñ µÄ¾ÖÃæ, ʹͼÊé¹ÝµÄ½¨ÉèºÍ·¢Õ¹ÓëѧУµÄ½¨ÉèºÍ·¢Õ¹²»ÏàÊÊÓ¦¡£¶øËæ×ÅÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍ¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃ,Ô­Óд«Í³ÒâÒåÉϵÄͼÊé¹ÝÆä·þÎñ¹¦ÄÜ¡¢·½Ê½¡¢ÌصãµÈ¶¼ÔÚ·¢Éú¸Ä±ä,¸ßְͼÊé¹ÝÖ»ÓкÏÀíÅäÖÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´,½¨Á¢ÊÊÓ¦ÐÂʱÆÚͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷ÐèÒªµÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíģʽ,²ÅÄܸüºÃµØΪѧԺµÄ½ÌѧºÍ¿ÆÑÐÌṩÎÄÏ×ÐÅÏ¢±£ÕÏ[1]¡£ÔÚÃÀ¹ú,ÓÐÕâÑùÒ»ÖÖ˵·¨:ͼÊé¹Ý·þÎñËù·¢»ÓµÄ×÷ÓÃ,5%À´×ÔͼÊé¹ÝµÄ½¨ÖþÎï,20%À´×ÔÐÅÏ¢×ÊÁÏ,75%À´×ÔͼÊé¹ÝÔ±µÄËØÖÊ¡£ÃÀ¹úµÄͼÊé¹Ýѧר¼ÒÂõ¿Ë¶û ¸êÂü»¹Ìá³ö ͼÊé¹ÝÓµÓÐÈý´ó×ÊÔ´:Ò»ÊÇÓÉѵÁ·ÓÐËغÍ֪ʶԨ²©µÄͼÊé¹ÝÔ±ºÍÆäËûͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷Õß×é³ÉµÄ¶ÓÎé;¶þÊǹݲØ;ÈýÊǹ©¼ìË÷¹Ý²ØʹÓõÄÊéÄ¿¿ØÖÆϵͳ [2]¡£ ÎÒ¹úÖøÃûͼÊé¹Ýѧ¼Ò¶Å¶¨ÓÑÏÈÉúÒ²ÔøÖ¸³ö: ͼÊé¹ÝÓÐ3¸ö»ù±¾ÒòËØ,¼´¹Ý²Ø¡¢¹ÝÔ±ºÍ¶ÁÕß,ÆäÖйÝÔ±ÊǹµÍ¨¶ÁÕßÓë¹Ý²ØÎÄÏ×µÄÇÅÁº,³äµ±ÎÄÏ×ÐÅÏ¢´«µÝµÄÖ÷Òª½ÇÉ« ¡£Óɴ˿ɼû,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ÔÚͼÊé¹Ý½¨ÉèÖÐÊÇÊ×ÒªµÄÒòËØ,ËüÊÇͼÊé¹Ý¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹µÄ»ù±¾¶¯Á¦,ÓÅÐãµÄͼÊé¹ÝÔ±ÊÇͼÊé¹Ý×îÖØÒªµÄ×ÊÔ´¡£ËüÊǽ¨ÉèÏÖ´ú»¯¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝµÄ¹Ø¼ü,¸ãºÃͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÊÆÔÚ±ØÐС£Òò´ËÑо¿¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ºÏÀíÅäÖþßÓÐÊ®·ÖÖØÒªµÄÏÖʵÒâÒå¡£ 2 ¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄÏÖ×´ 2.1 ¶ÓÎé½á¹¹²»¹»ºÏÀí:¾ÝÓйØÎÄÏ×·´Ó³,½ØÖ¹µ½2006Äêµ×,ÎÒ¹ú¶ÀÁ¢ÉèÖõĸßÖ°¸ßרԺУÒÑ´ï1100ÓàËù,Õ¼ÆÕͨ¸ßУ×ÜÊýµÄ62%¡£¿ÉÒÔ˵,¸ßÖ°¸ßרԺУռ¾ÝÎÒ¹ú¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýµÄ°ë±Ú½­É½¡£µ«¾Ý²»Íêȫͳ¼Æ,Ä¿Ç°¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÔ±¶ÓÎéÖÐ,±¾¿ÆÒÔÉÏѧÀúÕß½öÔÚ30%×óÓÒ¡£ÕâÖÖ¹ÝÔ±¶ÓÎéѧÀú½á¹¹µÄ²»ºÏÀíÏÖ×´,Óëʱ´ú¸³Óè¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝµÄÖ°ÄÜÒªÇóÊǼ«²»Ïà³ÆµÄ¡£¶þÊÇרҵ½á¹¹²»¹»ºÏÀí¡£Ö÷ÒªÊÇȱ·¦¼ÆËã»ú·½ÃæµÄרҵÈ˲źÍÕÆÎÕ¸ßÐÂÇ鱨¼¼ÊõµÄרÃÅÈ˲Å¡£ÓÈÆäȱ·¦¼È¶®Í¼ÊéÇ鱨ѧ,ÓÖ¾ßÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄרҵ֪ʶ±³¾°µÄ¸´ºÏÐÍÈ˲Å¡£ÈýÊÇÄêÁä½á¹¹²»¹»ºÏÀí¡£¾Ý²»Íêȫͳ¼Æ,Ä¿Ç°¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÔ±¶ÓÎéÖÐ,ÓÐÄêÁäÆ«´óµÄÎÊÌâ,35ËêÒÔÏÂÈËÔ±½ÏÉÙ¡£ÕâºÜ²»ÀûÓÚͼÊé¹ÝµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£ËÄÊÇÐÔ±ð½á¹¹²»¹»ºÏÀí¡£¾Ýͳ¼Æ×ÊÁÏ,ͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±ÐÔ±ð±ÈÀýÅ®ÐÔÔ¶Ô¶¸ßÓÚÄÐÐÔ,Õ¼70% ÒÔÉÏ,¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÓеÄÉõÖÁÊÇÇåһɫµÄ Äï×Ó¾ü [3]¡£ 2.2 ¸ÚλÉèÖÃÓëÈ˲Žṹ²»ºÏÀí,ͼÊé¹ÝÔ±µÄÕûÌåËØÖÊÆ«µÍ¡£ÏÖÓеĸßְԺУ´ó²¿·ÖÊÇÓÉÖÐרѧУÉý¸ñ¶øÀ´,ͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±²»½öÈËÔ±ÉÙ(¹ÝÔ±ÓëѧÉú±ÈÀý1¡Ã400×óÓÒ,¶øÆÕͨ¸ßУΪ1¡Ã100×óÓÒ)[4],±ÊÕßËùÔڹݱÈÀý´ïµ½1¡Ã590,ΪÁËÊÊÓ¦Éý¸ñºóͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷µÄÐèÒª,¸÷¹Ý¾ù²»Í¬³Ì¶È¶Ô¸÷¸Úλ½øÐÐÖØе÷Õû,µ«ÔÚµ÷Õû¹ý³ÌÖйý¶à¿¼ÂǶÔÏÖÓÐÈËÔ±µÄÀûÓÃ,ºöÂÔÁ˸ßְͼÊé¹ÝµÄÐÂÒªÇó,´Ó¶ø³öÏÖÒòÈ˶¨¸ÚµÈÏÖÏó,ÄÑÒÔʵÏÖ¸ÚλµÄºÏÀíÅäÖü°È˲ÅÕæÕýµÄºÏÀíÁ÷¶¯,½á¹ûʹµÃÈ˲Žṹ²»ºÏÀí,ÄêÁä½á¹¹ÀÏ»¯,֪ʶ½á¹¹µ¥Ò»,Ôì³ÉͼÊé¹ÝÔ±µÄÕûÌåËØÖÊÆ«µÍ,²»ÄÜÊÊӦͼÊé¹ÝÏÖ´ú»¯·¢Õ¹µÄÐèÒª¡£Í¬Ê±ÔÚÖØÊÓ¹ÝÉá¹æÄ£¡¢É豸ºÍ¹Ý²ØÁ¿½¨Éè,ÇáÊÓÈ˲ÅÒý½øµÄ˼ÏëÖ¸µ¼ÏÂ,ʹͼÊé¹Ý¸ÚλÉèÖÃÈÔÍ£ÁôÔÚÌṩ×î»ù±¾·þÎñµÄ²É±à¡¢Á÷ͨ¡¢ÔÄÀÀµÈ¸ÚλµÄÉèÖÃÉÏ,ûÄÜÒÔ¿Æѧ·¢Õ¹¹ÛÖ¸µ¼¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ÅäÖÃ,ʹͼÊé¹ÝµÄ¹ÜÀíºÍ·þÎñˮƽÓëѧԺµÄ·¢Õ¹Ë®Æ½²»ÏàÊÊÓ¦¡£ 2.3 ͼÊé¹ÝÈ˲ÅÒý½ø»úÖƲ»ºÏÀí:¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝËäÈ»Óë½Ìѧ¡¢ÊµÑéÊÒÒ»Æð±»ÓþΪ¸ßУµÄÈý´óÖ§Öù,ÊǽÌѧ¿ÆÑеÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö,ÊÇѧУµÄ´°¿Ú,µ«Êµ¼ÊÉÏͼÊé¹ÝµÄµØλ²¢Ã»Óеõ½ÈÏͬ¡£Ö÷Òª±íÏÖÔÚ:¶ÔͼÊé¹ÝµÄ¹ÜÀíÀíÄÆÚ´¦ÔÚͼÊé¹ÝµÄ·þÎñ¹¤×÷Ò²¾ÍÊÇ ½è½è»¹»¹ ,רҵÐÔ¡¢¼¼ÊõÐÔ²»¸ßµÄ´«Í³¹ÛÄîÖÐ,ÈÏΪͼÊé¹ÝÈ˲ÅÒý½øµÈͬÓÚͼÊé¹ÝÐèÒª²¹³äÈËÔ±,ÒÔÖÁÓÚÔÚͼÊé¹ÝÈ˲ÅÒý½øʱ,ûÓÐÕæÕý°´ÕÕ¸ßְͼÊé¹Ý·¢Õ¹µÄÐèÒª,Öƶ©³öÒ»ÕûÌ׺ÏÀí¡¢¿ÉÐеÄÈ˲ÅÒý½ø·½°¸,¸ü¶àµÄ¿¼ÂÇÊÇÈçºÎ°²ÖÃÆäËü²¿ÃŵÄÊ£ÓàÈËÔ±,Õչ˵ĶÔÏó,ÖÁʹºÜ¶àÐÂÔöµÄÔ±¹¤ÎªÑ§ÔºÉý¸ñºó¸÷²¿ÃÅ·ÖÁ÷¡¢Õչ˵ÄÈËÔ±,¶øÇÒÒÔÅ®ÐÔΪÖ÷,ÕâЩÈËԱûÓо­¹ýͼÊé¹ÝרҵÅàѵ,ÇÒÓë¸÷·½ÃæµÄ¹Øϵ´í×Û¸´ÔÓ,ʹµÃ¹ÝÄÚ¹µÍ¨ºÍ¹ÜÀí³öÏÖÎÊÌâ,ÒÔÖÂÄÇЩÓÐÖ¾ÓÚͼÊé¹ÝÊÂÒµ²¢ÓÐÄÜÁ¦µÄÈ˲ŷ´¶øµÃ²»µ½ÖØÊÓ¡¢×ðÖغÍÒý½ø,×îÖÕµ¼ÖÂͼÊé¹ÝÓÅÐãÈ˲Ÿü¼ÓØÑ·¦,¹ÝÔ±¶ÓÎé¸ü¼ÓÆ£Èí,ѧÊõÑо¿Óë·þÎñˮƽÈÕÒæµÍÃÔ,ʹͼÊé¹ÝÔÚѧУµÄµØλºÍ×÷ÓÃÿ¿öÓúÏÂ,ʹͼÊé¹ÝÎÞ·¨ÊÊÓ¦ÐÎÊÆ·¢Õ¹µÄÐèÒª¡£ 2.4 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢ÖØÊÓ²»¹»:Ëæ×ÅÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄ·¢Õ¹,¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÒÑÆձ齫¼ÆËã»ú¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓÃÓÚͼÊé¹Ý²É·Ã¡¢±àÄ¿¡¢Á÷ͨ¼°¹ÜÀíµÄ¸÷Ï×÷,´Ù½øÁËͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷ЧÂʵÄÌá¸ß,ÐÅÏ¢ÊÕ¼¯¡¢·ÖÎö¼Ó¹¤¡¢´«µÝ,Êý¾Ý¿âÅàѵ,²Î¿¼×Éѯ,ÍøÒ³½¨ÉèÓë¸üÐÂ,ÐÅÏ¢Êý¾Ý¿âµÄ½¨Á¢Óëά»¤,¶¼ÐèÒªÒ»Åú¾ßÓнϸßÐÅÏ¢´¦ÀíÄÜÁ¦µÄÈ˲Å,²ÅÄÜÓÐÕë¶ÔÐÔµØÂú×ã¶ÁÕßµÄÐÅÏ¢ÐèÇó¡£µ«¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÆÕ±é¶ÔÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢ÖØÊÓ²»¹»,³ýÁËÁãÐǵÄÍâ³ö¶ÌÆÚÅàѵÍâ,¸÷¹Ý´ó¶àûÓÐÈÏÕæÖƶ©Õë¶Ô¸÷¸ÚλµÄרҵÅàѵ¼Æ»®,¶ÔÈËÔ±µÄÅàÑø´¦ÓÚÎÞ×÷ΪµÄ¹ÜÀí״̬,ÑÏÖØÖÆÔ¼ÁËÏÖ´ú¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£ 2.5 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÓÐЧ¼¤Àø»úÖÆȱ·¦:ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄ¼¤Àø»úÖÆ,Ö÷ÒªÊÇÖ¸ÒÀ¾ÝÓëÒµ¼¨ÏàÅäÌ׵Ľ±·£ÖƶÈ¡¢Æ¸ÓýúÉýÖƶÈ¡¢ÈÎÆÚÖƶȺͽòÌùÖƶȵÈ,À´µ÷¶¯È˵Ļý¼«ÐÔºÍÖ÷¶¯ÐÔ[5]¡£Ä¿Ç°¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±µÄ¿¼ºËÖ÷ÒªÊÇÄê¶È¿¼ºË,ÆÀ¼Û±ê×¼ÊÇ´Ó µÂ¡¢ÄÜ¡¢ÇÚ¡¢¼¨ 4¸ö·½ÃæÀ´ºâÁ¿,ÔÚʵ¼Ê²Ù×÷ÖÐ,Ö»Òª²»·¸´ó´í,ÈËÈË»ù±¾³ÆÖ°,¿¼ºË½á¹û´ó¼Ò»ù±¾Ò»ÖÂ,´æÔÚןɶà¸ÉÉÙÒ»¸öÑù,¸ÉºÃ¸É»µÒ»¸öÑùµÄÏÖÏó,ÎÞʵÖÊÒâÒå,¼´Ê¹ÆÀÉÏÓÅÐã,Ò²Ö»ÊÇÒ»Ö½ÀúÊ·µµ°¸¼ÇÔØ,ȱ·¦ºóÐøµÄ¼¤Àø»úÖÆ¡£ÕâÊǵ±Ç°¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹Ý¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷Öд´Ð²»×ã¡¢¾ºÕù²»×ã¡¢¼¤Àø²»×ã,Ô±¹¤µÄ¹¤×÷ÈÈÇé²»¸ß,¹ÝԱDZÄÜûÓгä·Ö·¢»ÓµÄÎÊÌâËùÔÚ,ÆäÔ­ÒòÖ÷ÒªÊǹÜÀí²ãûÓн¨Á¢ÆðÓÐЧµÄ¼¤Àø»úÖÆ¡£ 3 ¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹µÄ¶Ô²ß ͼÊé¹ÝÊÂÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹¸ù±¾ÔÚÓÚÈ˲Å,È˾¡Æä²ÅÊÇÓÃÈËÖ®µÀ¡£¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹Ý¿Í¹Û´æÔÚµÄÏÖʵÎÊÌâ, ÒªÔÚ¶ÌÆÚÄڸı䲻ºÏÀíµÄ¶ÓÎé½á¹¹ÏÖ×´ÊDz»¿ÉÄܵÄ,±ÊÕßÈÏΪ,Ҫʹ¸ßְԺͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹,Ó¦´ÓÒÔϼ¸¸ö·½ÃæÀ´¿¼ÂÇ: 3.1 ¸ù¾ÝͼÊé¹Ý×éÖ¯Éè¼ÆÔ­Ôò,ÓÅ»¯¶ÓÎéÅäÖÃ,µ÷ÕûÈËÔ±½á¹¹: ͼÊé¹ÝҪʵÏÖÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ÄÚ²¿µÄÓÅ»¯ÅäÖÃ,Ê×ÏÈÔÚͼÊé¹ÝµÄ¸ÚλÉèÖü°ÈËÔ±µ÷Õûʱ,×ñѭͼÊé¹Ý×éÖ¯Éè¼ÆÖеÄÒò¹ÝÖÆÒË¡¢ºÏÀí·Ö¹¤¡¢Áé»î¹ÜÀíµÄÔ­Ôò,´Ó¸÷¹Ý×ÜÌåÄ¿±ê³ö·¢,½øÐкÏÀí¿ÆѧµÄÄÚ²¿¸Úλµ÷Õû,ÖØ×éÒµÎñÁ÷³Ì,²¢Öƶ©¸÷¸ö²¿ÃŵÄÄ¿±êÓëÈÎÎñ,ʹͼÊé¹ÝµÄ¸÷Ï×÷ÓÐÐò¡¢¸ßЧµØÔËÐС£ÒªÊµÏÖͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ÅäÖõÄÓÅ»¯,¾ÍÒª¸ù¾ÝͼÊé¹ÝÈËÔ±µÄÄêÁä¡¢ÐÔ¸ñ¡¢ÐËȤ¡¢Ìص㡢ѧʶ¡¢¼¼ÄܺÍÐÅÏ¢ËØÑøÉϵÄÇø±ð,½øÐкÏÀíµÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´·Ö¹¤,×öµ½È˾¡Æä²Å,³ä·Öµ÷¶¯Ô±¹¤µÄ»ý¼«ÐÔ,Ðγɻ¥²¹»¥ÖúµÄ»·¾³,²ÅÄܳä·Öµ÷¶¯¸÷ÀàÈËÔ±µÄ»ý¼«ÐÔ¡¢´´ÔìÐÔ,´Ó¶øÌá¸ß¹¤×÷ЧÂÊ,ÓªÔìÁ¼ºÃµÄ¹¤×÷·ÕΧ¡£ 3.2 ÒýÈËÈ˲ÅÕÐƸÖƶÈ,̧¸ßÈë¹ÝÈËÔ±µÄÃÅ¿²:Ô±¹¤µÄÕÐƸÊÇ×éÖ¯ÓÐЧÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄÇ°Ìá,×éÖ¯ÄÜ·ñ¸ßЧµØÔËÐеĸù±¾Ìõ¼þÊǽ¨Á¢Ò»Ö§¸ßËØÖʵÄÔ±¹¤¶ÓÎé,ʹÿ¸ö¸Úλ¶¼ÓкÏÊʵÄÈËÔÚŬÁ¦¹¤×÷¡£¹ÊͼÊé¹ÝÓ¦ÖØÊÓ²¢×öºÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹æ»®¹¤×÷[5]¡£¸ßְͼÊé¹ÝÔÚ×齨ºÍ¸üÐÂÖ°Òµ¶ÓÎéʱ,Ó¦½áºÏ¸÷Ö°Òµ½ÌÓýµÄÐèÒª,¸ù¾ÝѧԺ¼°¸÷רҵÕûÌ巢չĿ±êºÍ¸ßְͼÊé¹ÝµÄ·þÎñ¶¨Î»,ÈÏÕæ·ÖÎö²»Í¬²ã´Î¡¢²»Í¬ÖªÊ¶½á¹¹µÄÈ˲ÅÐèÇó,Öƶ¨³öÒ»Ì×ÓÐÀûÓÚͼÊé¹ÝÊÂÒµ·¢Õ¹µÄ¡¢ÏµÍ³µÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí¹æ»®,ÒýÈëÈ˲ÅÕÐƸÖƶÈ,²¢ÖØÊÓÔÚ¸÷¸ö»·½Ú,¶ÔÈ˲ŵÄÑ¡°ÎÈÎÓñê×¼¡¢¿¼ºË·½Ê½µÄÖƶ©,°´¸ÚλÐèÒª½øÐÐÈËÔ±ÕÐƸ¡£¶Ôרҵ¼¼ÊõÈËÔ±Ó¦¾ßÓÐÏàÓ¦µÄѧÀúÒªÇó¡¢Ó¦½øÐÐÃæÊÔºÍÑϸñ¿¼Ê԰ѹØ,Öð²½Ìá¸ßÈë¹ÝÈËÔ±µÄÃÅ¿²¡£¼á³ÖÒÔ¸ßËØÖÊ¡¢Ç¿ÄÜÁ¦µÄ±ê׼ѡ°ÎÈ˲Å,ÑÏ°ÑÐÂÕÐÈËÔ±Èë¿Ú¹Ø¡£ 3.3 ½¨Á¢È˲ÅÅàѵ»úÖÆ,ÌáÉýÈËÔ±ËØÖÊ¡£ ¾Í¸ßְԺУĿǰµÄÇé¿ö¿´,ÒªÒý½ø´óÁ¿¸ß¼¼ÊõÈ˲ź͸߲ã´Îѧ¿ÆרҵÈ˲ÅÊDz»ÏÖʵµÄ¡£Òò´Ë,ÒªÌá¸ß¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÏÖÓÐÈ˲ŶÓÎéµÄËØÖÊ,ʹÆäÄÜÖð²½ÊÊÓ¦ÍøÂç»·¾³ÏÂͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷ºÍ·¢Õ¹µÄÐèÒª,¾Í±ØÐëΪÏÖÓй¤×÷ÈËÔ±Ìṩ¸÷ÖÖÅàѵ,ʹ¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±²»¶Ï²¹³äеÄ֪ʶ,ѧϰеļ¼ÄÜ¡£Åàѵ¹¤×÷¿É¸ù¾Ýʵ¼ÊÇé¿öÖƶ¨ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´Åàѵ¼Æ»® ,ÖØÊÓ¹ÝÔ±²Î¼Ó¹¤×÷ºóµÄÈëÖ°½ÌÓý¡¢ÔÚÖ°½ÌÓýºÍ¼ÌÐø½ÌÓý,Ìá¸ßÆä·þÎñÒâʶ¡£ ͬʱ¼ÓÇ¿¶ÔËûÃǵÄרҵÅàѵ,Óмƻ®µØ×é֯ͼÊé¹ÝרҵµÄ¸÷ÖÖרÌâºÍм¼ÊõÅàѵ¡¢½²×ùºÍרÌâÑÐÌÖ,ʹͼÊé¹ÝרҵÈËÔ±Óлú»á¾­³£½ÓÊÜÅàѵºÍÔÙ½ÌÓý,½ÓÊÜеÄÐÅÏ¢,ͨ¹ý½¨Á¢È˲ÅÅàѵ»úÖÆ,ΪÆäÌṩ¸÷ÖÖ¼ÌÐø½ÌÓýµÄ»ú»á¡£Í¨¹ý¼ÌÐø½ÌÓý¡¢Ñ§Àú½ÌÓýµÈÐÎʽÌá¸ßÏÖÓÐÈËÔ±µÄÒµÎñËØÖÊ¡£Í¬Ê±,ÒÔ´ËÌá¸ßͼÊé¹ÝÈËÔ±µÄÕûÌåÒµÎñˮƽ,´Ó¶øÍƶ¯¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝµÄ½øÒ»²½½¨ÉèºÍ·¢Õ¹¡£ 3.4 ÒýÈ뾺ÕùÉϽøµÄ¼¤Àø»úÖÆ,ÓÅ»¯È˲ųɳ¤·¢Õ¹»·¾³:ÔÚ¹ÜÀíѧµÄÕû¸ö·¢Õ¹¹ý³ÌÖÐ ÈË Ê¼ÖÕÊÇÒ»¸ö×î»ù±¾µÄ¸ÅÄî¡£ÈκÎÒ»ÖÖ¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛ¶¼ÊÇÒÀ¾Ý¶ÔÈ˵ÄÒ»¶¨¿´·¨¶øÌá³öÀ´µÄ¡£ÔÚͼÊé¹Ý¹ÜÀí»î¶¯ÖÐ,Òª¼á³ÖÒ»ÇдÓÈ˳ö·¢,ÒÔµ÷¶¯ºÍ¼¤·¢È˵Ļý¼«ÐԺʹ´ÔìÐÔΪ¸ù±¾ÊÖ¶Î,ÒÔÌá¸ß¹ÜÀíЧÂʺÍÈ˵IJ»¶Ï·¢Õ¹ÎªÄ¿µÄ[6]¡£Îª´Ë,ÔÚ¸ßְͼÊé¹Ý¹ÜÀíÖÐÒýÈ뾺ÕùÉϽøµÄ¼¤Àø»úÖÆÊǷdz£±ØÒªµÄ,¼¤ÀøÊǹÜÀíµÄºËÐÄ¡£ÃÀ¹ú֪ʶ¹ÜÀíר¼ÒÂ꺺 ̹ķÆ;­¹ý´óÁ¿Ñо¿ºóÈÏΪ,¼¤Àø֪ʶÐÍÔ±¹¤µÄÇ°ËĸöÒòËØÊÇ:¸öÌå³É³¤(34)¡¢¹¤×÷×ÔÖ÷(31)¡¢ÒµÎñ³É¾Í(28)¡¢½ðÇ®²Æ¸»(7)[7]¡£Í¼Êé¹ÝÔ±×÷Ϊ֪ʶµÄµ¼º½Ô±,ËûÃǸüÖØÊÓ¸öÈ˵ijɳ¤»·¾³,±ÊÕßÈÏΪĿǰµÄ¿¼ºË»úÖÆÓдýÍêÉÆ,ӦעÖضԹÝԱƽʱ¹¤×÷ÖÐÒµÎñˮƽ¡¢¹¤×÷Òµ¼¨¡¢ÔÚÍŶÓÖеÄ×÷Óá¢ÔÚ´´Ð¸ĸïÖеÄÄÜÁ¦µÈ·½ÃæµÄ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË,ÒÔ¹¤×÷ʵ¼¨ÎªºËÐÄ,½«¿¼ºËÄÚÈݽøÐÐÁ¿»¯,²¢½«Á¿»¯µÃ·ÖÇé¿ö½øÐлã×ÜÆÀ·Ö,×÷ΪºâÁ¿Í¼Êé¹ÝÔ±¹¤×÷ˮƽµÄÖØÒªÒÀ¾Ý¡£ÔÚ¿¼ºËÊÖ¶ÎÉÏÒª²ÉÓúÏÊÊÓÐЧµÄ¼¨Ð§¿¼ÆÀ·½·¨¡£Í¨¹ýºÏÀíµÄ·ÖÅ伤Àø»úÖÆ,ÈÃÈÕ³£¹¤×÷¼¨Ð§Ó빤×ʸ£Àû¹Ò¹³;²¢Í¨¹ýÓÅʤÁÓÌ­µÄ¾ºÕù¼¤Àø»úÖÆ,Èü¼ÄÜ¿¼ºË¼°´´Ð¹±Ï×ÓëºÏÀíµÄ¸Úλµ÷Õû¡¢Æ¸ÓýúÉý¹Ò¹³¡£ÒÔ´ËÓÅ»¯È˲ųɳ¤·¢Õ¹»·¾³,ÔöÇ¿¹ÝÔ±µÄ×ÔÐÅÐÄ¡¢ÔðÈθкͳɾ͸Ð,ʹÆä×ñѭͼÊé¹ÝËùÒªÇóµÄÒµ¼¨¹æ¶¨ºÍÐÐΪ¹æ·¶,Ìá¸ßÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¶ÔͼÊé¹Ý·¢Õ¹µÄ¹±Ï×Á¦,Òýµ¼¹ÝÔ±°ÑʵÏÖ¸öÈËÈËÉú¼ÛÖµµÄ×·ÇóÓëͼÊé¹ÝÊÂÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹Ä¿±ê½áºÏÆðÀ´,ʵÏÖ»¥¶¯·¢Õ¹ºÍË«Ó®,ÒÔͼÊé¹ÝµÄ·¢Õ¹´ø¶¯¹ÝÔ±µÄ·¢Õ¹,ÓÖÒÔ¹ÝÔ±µÄ·¢Õ¹´Ù½øͼÊé¹ÝµÄ³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹¡£ ×ÜÖ®,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛÔÚ¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÖеÄÓ¦Óû¹ÐèÒª½øÐдóÁ¿µÄÑо¿¡¢Ì½Ë÷ºÍʵ¼ù,±ÊÕßÈÏΪֻÓгä·ÖÖØÊÓͼÊé¹ÝÈ˲ŶÓÎéµÄ½¨Éè,ÓÃÒÔÈËΪ±¾µÄÀíÄî´´ÐÂͼÊé¹ÝµÄ·þÎñÓë¹ÜÀí,²ÅÄÜÊÊӦʱ´úµÄ·¢Õ¹,²ÅÄÜʹͼÊé¹ÝÊÂÒµµÃµ½³ÖÐøµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£ ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× [1]ÑîÝæ.ÏÖ´úͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ÅäÖÃÑо¿[J]. ¿Æ¼¼Ç鱨¿ª·¢Óë¾­¼Ã,2005,15(17):5-6 [2] ·½Ð¡Æ¼. ¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí³õ̽[J]. ÎÀÉúÖ°Òµ½ÌÓý, 2006.10:38 [3] ÀîËÉÃÃ. ¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí´´ÐÂÑо¿[J]. ¸ßУͼÊé¹Ý¹¤×÷,2008,3:78 [4] ÖÜȺӢ. dz̸¸ßְԺУͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí[J]. Õã½­¸ßУͼÊéÇ鱨¹¤×÷,2003,6:16 [5] ÓôЦ´º.ÖÐÃÀͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí±È½ÏÓëÐÂ̽[J].ͼÊé¹Ý½¨Éè,2004(2):102 [6] ¸¶Á¢ºê,Ô¬ÁÕ.ͼÊé¹Ý¹ÜÀí½Ì³Ì[M].Îä²ý:Î人´óѧ³ö°æÉç,2005:67 [7] ÅíÔó»ª.ÔËÓü¤Àø»úÖƹÜÀí¸ßУͼÊé¹ÝÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´[J].ºâÑôʦ·¶Ñ§ÔºÑ§±¨,2005,2:139-140 ¡¾¡¿ ÔðÈα༭£ºÀÏA dzÎöÔ±¹¤ÕÐƸ¹ý³ÌÖеķ¨ÂÉ·çÏÕÓë·À·¶

¡¾ÎÊÌâ¡¿£º½ðË°ÈýÆÚÓÐЩʲô¹¦ÄÜ£¬´ÓÆóÒµµÄ½Ç¶È¿´½ðË°ÈýÆÚ»á¸øÆóÒµ´øÀ´ÄÄЩӰÏ죿 ¡¾»Ø´ð¡¿£º½ðË°¹¤³ÌÊǾ­¹úÎñÔºÅú×¼µÄµç×ÓÕþÎñ¹¤³Ì£¬ÊÇË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÐÅϢϵͳ¹¤³ÌµÄ×ܳÆ¡£×Ô1994Ä꿪ʼ£¬Àú¾­½ðË°Ò»ÆÚ¡¢½ðË°¶þÆÚ¡¢½ðË°ÈýÆÚ¹¤³Ì½¨Éè¡£ ½ðË°ÈýÆÚ¹¤³Ìн¨ÏµÍ³°üÀ¨ºËÐÄÕ÷¹Ü¡¢¸öÈËË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀí¡¢¾ö²ßÖ§³Ö1°ü¡¢¾ö²ßÖ§³Ö2°ü¡¢ÄÉË°·þÎñ¡¢Íⲿ½»»»¡¢Ó¦Óü¯³Éƽ̨¡¢°²È«²ßÂÔ2°üµÈϵͳ¡£ ½ðË°ÈýÆÚϵͳÌص㣺ʵÏÖÒµÎñ¹æ·¶Í³Ò»»¯£¬¸²¸ÇÈ«ÒµÎñ£¬¼ò»¯ÉæË°ÊÂÏ¼ÓÇ¿ÄÉË°×ñ´Ó·çÏÕ¹ÜÀí£¬ÊµÏÖÐÅÏ¢¹²ÏíºÍÍⲿÉæË°ÐÅÏ¢¹ÜÀí£¬ÊµÏÖÁË¿çË°ÖÖ¡¢¿çÄÉË°»·½ÚµÄÐÅÏ¢¹²Ïí¡£ ¶ÔÆóÒµµÄÓ°Ï죺 1¡¢ÏúÏƱ¿ª³ö¶¼ÒªÔÚ¹«Ë¾µÄʵ¼Ê¾­Óª·¶Î§Ö®ÄÚ¡£ 2¡¢ÉÌóÁ÷ͨÆóÒµ½øÏƱµÄÆ·Ãû±ØÐëÓëÏúÏƱµÄÆ·ÃûÆ¥ÅäÆðÀ´£¬°üÀ¨ÊýÁ¿£¬µ¥Î»£¬»õÎïÃû³Æ¡£ 3¡¢¶ÔÓÚ֮ǰÒѾ­ÈÏÖ¤µÄ½øÏƱ£¬Èç¹û²»·ûºÏ¹æ¶¨Ò²½«Êܵ½ºË²é£¬Ò»µ©²é³ö£¬»áÒªÇó½øÏîת³ö²¹½»È«²¿Ë°¿î¡£ 4¡¢¹º»õºÏͬ¡¢Ïú»õºÏͬ¡¢ËÍ»õµ¥¡¢Èë¿âµ¥µÈ½»Ò×ƾ¾ÝҪ׼±¸ÆëÈ«±¸²é¡£ 5¡¢Ë°ÎñϵͳÄÚÓÐÊý¾Ý¹´»ü¡¢Ô¤¾¯·ÖÎö£¬ÆóÒµÓ¦¸Ã¹æ·¶×Ô¼ºµÄÕËÎñ´¦Àí¡£Ïà¹ØÍƼö£º¡¾¡¿ ÔðÈα༭£º´óë ½â¶Á¡¶Ç§»§¼¯ÍÅÃû²á¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡·¹«¸æ