СÆóÒµ³¤ÆÚծȯͶ×ÊÔõô×ö»á¼Æ·Ö¼£¿

ÕªÒª£ºÓªÒµ´°¿ÚÊÇÆóÒµ·þÎñÐÎÏóµÄÖØҪչʾƽ̨,ÊÇÉç»á¡¢¿Í»§¶ÔÆóÒµ·þÎñÖÊÁ¿ÆÀ¼ÛµÄ×ÛºÏÌåÏÖµÄÇþµÀ,Õë¶ÔÔÚÓªÒµ´°¿Ú´æÔÚ¸ö±ð·þÎñ³ÌÐò¡¢±ê×¼¡¢ÐÐΪ¡¢¼à¶½¹ÜÀíµÈϸ½Ú·½Ãæ´æÔÚ²»µ½Î»µÄÏÖÏó,½áºÏĿǰʹÓõÄһЩÐÂÐ˵ķþÎñ¹¦ÄÜ,½éÉÜÁËÒÔ¹ÜÀíÊÖ¶ÎΪ»ù´¡¡¢ÒÔ¼¼ÊõÊÖ¶ÎΪ֧³Ö,ÒÔ·þÎñÊÖ¶ÎΪÔØÌåµÄ ÈýºÏÒ» ÓªÒµ´°¿Ú·þÎñÐÎÏó½¨ÉèÌåϵ¡£ 1 ±³¾°¼°ÒâÒå ÓªÒµ´°¿ÚÊÇÆóÒµ·þÎñÐÎÏóµÄÖØҪչʾ²¿·Ö,Ô­À´µÄ·þÎñÐÎÏó¿¿¼òµ¥µÄÐû´«×ÊÁÏչʾ,ÈÕ³£¼à¶½¼ì²é¿¿»¨·ÑÈËÁ¦ÎïÁ¦×¨ÃÅÈ¥×öµÈ·½Ê½À´Íê³É,¸ö±ð´°¿Ú·þÎñÐÎÏó¹¤×÷ȱ·¦ÕûÌåµÄ¹¤×÷¹ÜÀíģʽ,ͬʱ¶ÔÓªÏú·þÎñ¹¤×÷ÖдæÔÚµÄÎÊÌâûÓÐͳһµÄ·ÖÎöÇþµÀ,¸÷ÖÖÐÅÏ¢·´À¡ÎÞ·¨¼¯ÖйÜÀí¡£Ëæ×ÅÉç»á¶Ô·þÎñˮƽҪÇóµÄ²»¶ÏÌá¸ß,ÐèÒª´´½¨³öÒ»¸öÒÀÍÐÐÅÏ¢»¯»ù´¡µÄÓªÒµ´°¿Ú·þÎñÐÎÏóÌåϵ¡£ 2 ÈýºÏÒ» Ìåϵ½¨ÉèÄÚÈÝ 2.1 ¹ÜÀíÖ§³ÖÌåϵ ¹ÜÀíÊÇ»ù´¡¡£Í¨¹ý±ê×¼»¯¹ÜÀíÖ§³ÖÌåϵ½¨Éè,¶ÔÍâÊ÷Á¢ÓªÒµ´°¿Ú¹æ·¶¸ßЧµÄ¹ÜÀíÐÎÏó,¶ÔÄڹ淶¸÷ÏîÁ÷³Ì¡¢¹æ·¶,ÌáÉýÍŶӺÏ×÷Òâʶ,ÌáÉýÕûÌåÒµ·þÎñ¼¼ÄÜ¡£ ÒÔ ÈýÒ»´ÙÈýÈ« Ä¿±êΪ¹¤×÷×ÅÊÖµã,¹¹Öþ Îå´ó ¹ÜÀíÌåϵ,´î½¨ÆðÐÎÏó¹ÜÀíƽ̨¡£ ÈýÒ»´ÙÈýÈ« Ä¿±ê¼´ÒÔÿһÈ˵ıê×¼»¯´Ù½øÈ«Ô±±ê×¼»¯,ÒÔÿһÈյıê×¼»¯´Ù½øÈ«¹ý³Ì±ê×¼»¯,ÒÔÿһÏ×÷µÄ±ê×¼»¯´Ù½øÈ«·½Î»¹ÜÀí±ê×¼»¯¡£¹¹½¨ Îå´ó ¹ÜÀíÌåϵ¼´¹¹½¨¹¤×÷ÔðÈÎÌåϵ¡¢¹¤×÷±ê×¼Ìåϵ¡¢Á÷³Ì×÷ÒµÌåϵ¡¢¹¤×÷ÆÀ¼ÛÌåϵ¡¢ÎÄ»¯½¨ÉèÌåϵ¡£ (1)½¨Á¢¹¤×÷ÔðÈÎÌåϵ Ã÷È·ÎÒÊÇË­¡¢ÎÒ¸Ã×öʲô¡£ ¹æ·¶ÓªÒµ´°¿ÚµÄ¹¤×÷Ö°Ôð¶¨Î»,ϸ»¯¸ÚλÉèÖÃ,Ã÷È·¸ÚλְÔð¡£È·±£ÓªÒµ´°¿ÚÖ°ÔðÄÚÈÝÈ«²¿¶ÔÓ¦·Ö½âµ½ÏàÓ¦¹¤×÷¸Úλ¡£ (2)ÍêÉƱê×¼Ìåϵ Ã÷È·ÎÒ¸Ã×öµ½Ê²Ã´³Ì¶È¡£ Ò»ÊÇÍêÉÆרҵ¹ÜÀí±ê×¼ºÍ¼¼Êõ±ê×¼¡£ÔÚרҵ¹ÜÀí±ê×¼µÄÖƶ¨ÖÐ,²»½öҪעÖس£¹æÐÔרҵ¹ÜÀí±ê×¼,ͬʱ¶ÔÌØÊâÇé¿öϵķþÎñÖƶ¨ÏµÁÐʼþÓ¦¼±´¦ÀíÔ¤°¸,¸ù¾Ý¹ÜÀí±ê×¼ºÍ¼¼Êõ±ê×¼Ã÷È·¸Úλ¹¤×÷±ê×¼¡£ ¶þÊÇÍêÉÆÓªÒµ´°¿ÚÄÚ²¿¹ÜÀíÖƶÈ,±£Ö¤Á¼ºÃ¹¤×÷ÖÈÐò¡£½¡È«ÄÚ²¿É豸ά»¤¡¢»·¾³ÎÀÉú¡¢Ñ§Ï°Åàѵ¡¢ÃñÖ÷¹ÜÀí¡¢¹¤×÷ÖÊÁ¿ÆÀ¼ÛµÈÖƶȼ°ÔðÈηֹ¤±í,²¢ÊµÊ©¸÷Ï×÷AB½Ç¹ÜÀíÖƶÈ¡£È·±£¸÷Ï×÷ʱʱÓÐÈ˸ºÔð¡¢´¦´¦ÓоݿÉÑ­¡£ (3)½¡È«Á÷³Ì×÷ÒµÌåϵ Ã÷È·ÎÒÈçºÎ×ö¡£ Ï´óÁ¦Æø¶ÔËùÓÐÒ»Ïß¹¤×÷¸ÚλËùÉæ¼°µÄÈ«²¿ÒµÎñ²Ù×÷Öƶ¨ÏêϸµÄ±ê×¼»¯×÷ÒµÖ¸µ¼Êé¡£·ÖΪҵÎñÀàºÍ·ÇÒµÎñÀà±ê×¼»¯Ö¸µ¼ÊéÁ½Àà¡£ÒµÎñÀà±ê×¼»¯×÷ÒµÖ¸µ¼ÊéÒÔÒµÎñÁ÷³ÌΪÖ÷Ïß,¶ÔËùÉæ¼°µÄ¸ÚλÒÔÿ¸ö»·½ÚΪ»ù´¡,¶ÔÔðÈθÚλ¡¢»·½Ú¹¦ÄÜ¡¢×ÊÁϺË×¼ÒªÇó¡¢Ó¦´ðÓÃÓï¡¢ÐÅϢϵͳ²Ù×÷¡¢»·½ÚÌύʱÏ޵ȽøÐÐÁËÏêϸ˵Ã÷¡£·ÇÒµÎñÀà×÷ÒµÖ¸µ¼Êé¹æ¶¨ÁËÌØÊâʼþ´¦ÀíµÈ·ÇÕý³£ÒµÎñÀ๤×÷±êµÄ×¼»¯´¦Àí³ÌÐò¡£ (4)½¡È«¹¤×÷ÆÀ¼ÛÌåϵ Ã÷È·¹ý³Ì¿É¿Ø¡¢½á¹û´¦Àí¡£ ÖصãÍÆÐиÚλÈËÔ±ÔðÈÎÖÆ,½¨È«ÈÕ³£¼ì²é¼à¶½¹ÜÀí°ì·¨ºÍ¹¤×÷ÖÊÁ¿ÆÀ¼Û°ì·¨¡£Ã÷È·¹¤×÷µÄ×éÖ¯¡¢¼à¶½¡¢ÆÀ¼ÛÖ°Ôð,Ç¿»¯¶ÔÓªÒµ»·¾³¡¢É豸ά»¤¡¢·þÎñ¹æ·¶¡¢¹¤×÷ÖÊÁ¿¡¢ÏµÍ³ÔËÐеÈÏîÄ¿µÄÈÕ³£¼à¶½Ñ²¼ìÁ¦¶È,È·±£¸÷Ï×÷Óмì²é¡¢ÓмǼ¡¢ÓÐ×ܽá¡¢ÓÐÆÀ¼Û¡¢ÓÐÕû¸Ä,ʹÿһÏ×÷Ëæʱ´¦ÓÚÄܿغÍÔÚ¿Ø״̬¡£¶½´ÙÔ±¹¤Ñø³É±ê×¼»¯¹¤×÷Ï°¹ß,´Ó¶øÐγÉÈ«Ô±±ê×¼»¯¡¢ÊÂʱê×¼»¯¡¢´¦´¦±ê×¼»¯µÄ·ÕΧ¡£ (5)´´ÐÂÎÄ»¯Ìåϵ½¨Éè ´òÔìºÍг¡¢ÉϽøÍŶÓ¡£ ¿ªÕ¹´´½¨Ñ§Ï°ÐÍ×éÖ¯¹¤×÷,ͨ¹ý½¨Á¢ÓªÒµ´°¿Ú¹²Í¬µÄÔ¸¾°ÔöÇ¿ÍŶӵÄÄý¾ÛÁ¦¡£ÊµÊ©½ÌÓýÅàѵ³£Ì¬ÔËÐлúÖÆ,ϸ»¯Ô¶È¡¢¼¾¶ÈÅàѵ¼Æ»®,½ô¿Û¹¤×÷Ö÷Ìâ,¿ªÕ¹ÌØÉ«Åàѵ;ʵÐзþÎñÊÂÀý½»Á÷¡¢µãÆÀ»î¶¯,½»Á÷ÔÚ´¦Àí¿Í»§·þÎñÖеĵäÐÍÊÂÀýºÍÐĵÃ,ÌáÈ¡¿ÉÍƹãµÄ˼ÏëºÍ¾­Ñé,ÐÎ³É ¹¤×÷ÖÐѧϰ¡¢Ñ§Ï°Öй¤×÷ µÄѧϰÀíÄî¡£ ʵÐÐÐǼ¶Ô±¹¤ÆÀ±È,չʾ¸÷ÏîÆÀ±È½á¹ûºÍ¹ý³Ì,ÔÚÍŶÓÖÐÊ÷Á¢ Ê÷ÏȽø¡¢Ñ§ÏȽø¡¢×öÏȽø µÄÖ°ÒµÀíÄͨ¹ý¿ªÕ¹ÍØչѵÁ·¡¢ÎÄÌå»î¶¯¡¢ÉçÇøÒåÎñ·þÎñµÈ»î¶¯,ÔöÇ¿Ô±¹¤¼¯ÌåÈÙÓþ¸ÐºÍÍŽáÏòÉϵĶ¯Á¦,´òÔìºÍгÍŶÓ,ÓªÔì ¿ìÀÖ¹¤×÷¡¢¿ìÀÖѧϰ¡¢¿ìÀÖÉú»î µÄ·ÕΧ¡£ 2.2 ¼¼ÊõÖ§³Ö (1)·þÎñ¼à¶½¹ÜÀíϵͳ¡£ Öصã½â¾öÓªÒµ´°¿ÚºÍµç»°¡¢ÐżþµÈ·½Ê½ÊÜÀíµÄ¿Í»§×Éѯ¼°ÎÊÌâ·´Ó³µÈ·ÇÓªÒµÒµÎñÀàÎÊÌâ,¶Å¾ø´ËÀàÊÂÇéÔÚÒµÎñϵͳ´¦ÀíÖÐÎÞÁ÷³Ì¹ÜÀí¡¢ÎÞ·¨¼à¶½°ìÀíµÄÇé¿ö¡£½«¿Í»§µÄÐèҪͨ¹ý¹¤×÷µ¥ÐÎʽÔÚÆóÒµÄÚ²¿½øÐÐÁ÷ת,²¢¿É¸ù¾ÝËùÉ趨µÄ°ìÀíʱÏÞÒªÇóÉú³É¶½°ìÐÅÏ¢,È·±£¼°Ê±¸ßЧ°ìÀí¡£ (2)ÅŶӹÜÀíϵͳ¡£ ÔÚÓªÒµ´°¿ÚÒýÈëÅŶӹÜÀíϵͳ,ÓÉÒýµ¼ÈËÔ±Ìáʾ¿Í»§°´Òª°ìÀíµÄÒµÎñÀà±ðÈ¡µÃ²»Í¬±àºÅµÄÅŶӺÅÂë,È¡ºÅ»ú¼´×Ô¶¯´òÓ¡Ò»ÕÅÓ¡ÓзþÎñÃû³Æ¡¢ÅŶÓÐòºÅ¡¢µÈºòÈËÊý¡¢ÅŶÓʱ¼äµÈÓйØÐÅÏ¢µÄºÅƱ,Ìáʾ¿Í»§Ä¿Ç°´°¿ÚÒµÎñ°ìÀíÇé¿ö,±ãÓÚ¿Í»§Á˽âÒµÎñ°ìÀíµÄµÈºòʱ¼ä,È·±£·þÎñÏÖ³¡µÄÓÐÐò¹ÜÀí¡£ (3)ÍøÂç°æ·þÎñÆÀ¼Ûϵͳ¡£ ΪÕÆÎÕ¿Í»§¶Ô´°¿Ú·þÎñÈËÔ±ÐÐΪµÄÆÀ¼Û,ÒýÈëÍøÂç°æ·þÎñÆÀ¼Ûϵͳ¡£Ã¿Ãû·þÎñÈËÔ±ÔÚ°ìÀíÍê±Ï¿Í»§µÄÒµÎñºó,¶¼»áÌáʾ¿Í»§¶Ô·þÎñ½øÐÐ×ÛºÏÆÀ¼Û,ÆÀ·ÖµÈ¼¶·ÖΪ·Ç³£ÂúÒâ¡¢ÂúÒâ¡¢Ò»°ã¡¢²»ÂúÒâËĸöµÈ¼¶¡£Í¬Ê±Í¨¹ýÍøÂç°æµÄ·þÎñÆÀ¼ÛÖÕ¶Ë,¿ÉÒÔÁ˽âÆÀ¼ÛϵͳµÄÊý¾Ý¡¢ÏµÍ³ÐÅÏ¢¡¢°üÀ¨Ô±¹¤×ÊÁϵÈÄÚÈÝ¡£Êý¾Ý±¨±í¿ÉÔÚÄÚÍø°´ÕÕÏàÓ¦µÄȨÏÞ¶ÔÆÀ¼Û½á¹û½øÐвéÔÄ¡¢´òÓ¡µÈ²Ù×÷¡£¿Éʵʱ¼à²âµ½¹«Ë¾ËùÓÐÓªÒµ´°¿ÚÔ±¹¤µÄ·þÎñÆÀ¼ÛÇé¿ö,Ôö¼Ó·þÎñ¹ÜÀíµÄ͸Ã÷¶È¡£ (4)¹ñ̨¼Òôϵͳ¡£ ÓªÒµ¹ñ̨Å䱸ÁËרÓô°¿Ú¶Ô½²»ú¡£¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±¿É½øÈëºǫ́ʵʱ¼àÌý¡¢²é¿´ÈÎÒ»¹ñ̨µÄͨ»°ÄÚÈÝ,Ò²¿Éͨ¹ýä¯ÀÀÆ÷µÇ½·þÎñÆ÷¶Ô¼ÒôÎļþ½øÐвéѯ»Ø·Å¡£Îª·þÎñÈËÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷ÖÊÁ¿ÆÀ¼Û¼°¹¤×÷·ÖÎöÌṩÁËԭʼ×ÊÁÏÖ§³Ö¡£ (5)Êý×ÖýÌå·¢²¼ÏµÍ³¡£ ÔÚýÌå²¥·ÅϵͳÖÐ,ͨ¹ýºǫ́µÄ¿ØÖÆ,¿ÉÏò¿Í»§¹«²¼µÄÄÚÈݽøÐйö¶¯²¥·Å¡£Ê¹¿Í»§ÔÚÓªÒµ´°¿Ú¼´¿É¿´µ½ËùÐèÒªµÄÐÅÏ¢,À­½üÁË¿Í»§ÓëÆóÒµµÄ¾àÀë¡£ ͨ¹ýÉÏÊöÎå´ó¼¼ÊõÖ§³ÖϵͳµÄÍêÉÆ,ʹ´°¿Ú¸÷Ïî·þÎñ¹¤×÷µÃµ½ÓÐÁ¦µÄ¼à¿Ø,½«ÏµÍ³Êý¾ÝÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¶Ô·þÎñµÄ·ÖÎöÓë¶ÔÔ±¹¤µÄ¼¤Àø»úÖÆÖÐ,¶ÔÓÅÖÊ·þÎñµÄ¹ÜÀíÆðµ½ÁËÁ¼ºÃµÄ²¹³ä×÷Óᣠ2.3 ·þÎñÖ§³Ö ·þÎñÊÖ¶ÎÊǹ淶»¯·þÎñ³É¹ûÂäʵµÄÔØÌå¡£ÔÚÍêÉÆÖƶÈÌåϵ¼°¼¼ÊõÖ§³ÖµÄͬʱ,Ó¦×öºÃ¸÷Ïî·þÎñ´ëÊ©µÄÂäʵ¡£ (1)Ç¿»¯¿Í»§·þÎñÐÎÏóµÄÓ²¼þ½¨Éè,ÍêÉÆÓªÒµ´°¿Ú·þÎñ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ ÓªÒµ´°¿ÚÓ¦¶¨Î»Îª¼¯ÒµÎñÊÜÀí¡¢·þÎñ×Éѯ¡¢·ÑÓÃÊÕÈ¡¼°¿ÆÆÕÐû´«ÎªÒ»ÌåµÄ×ÛºÏÐÔÓªÒµÌü,¶ÔÓªÒµ´°¿ÚµÄ¹¦ÄÜÇø½øÐкÏÀíµÄ¸ÄÔì,ÉèÖÃÒµÎñÊÜÀíÇø¡¢ÒµÎñǢ̸Çø¡¢ÊÕ·ÑÇø¡¢´ó¿Í»§½Ó´ýÇø¡¢¿Í»§µÈºòÐÝÏ¢ÇøºÍ¿ÆÆÕÐû´«Õ¹Ê¾Çø¡£Á¦Õù×öµ½¸÷¹¦ÄÜÇø²¼¾ÖºÏÀí¡¢¹¦ÄÜÍ»³ö¡¢·½±ãÊæÊÊ¡£ (2)ÑÓÉì·þÎñÇþµÀ,Õ¹ÏÖÆóÒµ·þÎñÐÎÏó¡£ ½«´°¿Ú·þÎñÐÎÏóÏòÇøÓòÍâÑÓÉìͬ,ͨ¹ý·þÎñ½øÉçÇø¡¢½øУ԰¡¢½ø³§¿ó¡¢½øÅ©´å,Ϊ¿Í»§ÌṩÁËÌØÉ«·þÎñ,¹ã·ºÕ÷¼¯¿Í»§Òâ¼û¼°½¨Òé(¿Í»§µÄÿһÌõÐÅÏ¢¶¼ÊǸøÆóÒµ¸Ä½øÌá¸ßµÄ»ú»á),ÓÐÌõ¼þµÄÒ²¿ÉÀûÓù㲥µç̨¡¢µçÊÓµÈýÌå¼ÓÇ¿¶ÔÆóÒµÕþ²ß·½ÃæµÄÐû´«,»¹¿ÉÒÔ¿ªÕ¹¶àÖÖÐÎʽµÄËÍÎÂůÏ×°®ÐĻ,ÒÔÌáÉýÆóÒµµÄÉç»áÐÎÏó¡£ 3 ½áÓï ÈýºÏÒ» ÓªÒµ´°¿Ú·þÎñÐÎÏóÖ§³ÖÌåϵµÄ½¨ÉèÓ¦ÓÃ,ΪӪÏú·þÎñ¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷µì¶¨ÁË»ù´¡,ʹÆóÒµÔÚÉú²ú¾­Óª¸÷·½ÃæµÄ¹¤×÷±äµÃ¸ü¼ÓÁ÷³©¡¢Ñ¸½Ý,¹¤×÷ЧÂÊ¡¢ÆóҵЧÒæµÃµ½ÁËÌá¸ß,Ô±¹¤¶ÓÎéËØÖʵõ½½øÒ»²½ÌáÉý¡£¡¾¡¿ ÔðÈα༭£ºlcl ¸ÐÖª·çÏÕ¼°×ÔÓÐÆ·ÅÆÓªÏú²ßÂÔÑо¿

Õª Òª£ºÈç½ñ´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµ¾ºÕù¼¤ÁÒ£¬ÒѾ­½øÈë ΢Àûʱ´ú ¡£´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµ±ØÐëÀûÓÃÐÅÏ¢»¯ÊֶβÅÄÜÁ¢ÓÚ²»°ÜÖ®µØ¡£ÄÇô´Ó´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµÓëµç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÈںϵĽǶȽøÐÐ̽ÌÖ£¬Í¨¹ýÈںϵÄÒâÒå¡¢Á½Õß²»ÄÜÏ໥Ìæ´úµÄÔ­Òò¼°ÈںϵĶԲßÈý¸ö²ãÃæµÄ½øÒ»²½·ÖÎö£¬Ö¼ÔÚÖ¸³öµ±Ç°´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµÐÅÏ¢»¯´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ²¢Ìá³ö½â¾ö·½°¸¡£ª¥ ¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµ£»µç×ÓÉÌÎñ£»ÈںϪ¥ ª¤ Ëæ×ÅÒòÌØÍøµÄ·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹ºÍÐÅÏ¢¾­¼Ã¡¢ÍøÂç¾­¼ÃµÈ¸ÅÄîµÄÌá³ö£¬µç×ÓÉÌÎñ£¨E-commerce£©Êܵ½ÈËÃÇÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£ÌرðÊǽüÄêÀ´£¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇÔÚ±¨¿¯¡¢ÔÓÖ¾£¬»òÊÇÔÚµçÊӵȴ«Í³Ã½ÌåÉÏ£¬»¹ÊÇÔÚÒòÌØÍøÉÏ£¬µç×ÓÉÌÎñ³ÉΪÁËÒ»¸ö³öÏÖƵÂʸߵÄдʻã¡£ÍøÂçÏúÊÛ³ÉΪо­¼Ãʱ´úµÄÒ»¸öÈȵ㣬ÍøÂçΪÁãÊÛ½»Ò×µÄÐÅÏ¢´«µÝºÍÖ§¸¶½áËãÌṩÁËÇ°ËùδÓеıãÀû£¬ÔÚÍøÂçÏúÊÛ·½Ê½Ï£¬Ïû·ÑÕß×ã²»³ö»§£¬±ã¿ÉÒÔÍê³É¹ºÎï¹ý³Ì¡£ÓÐЩר¼ÒÔ¤²âµç×ÓÉÌÎñ½«Ê¹´«Í³µÄÉÌÎñģʽ¡¢ÆóÒµµÄ¾­Óª·½Ê½ºÍÏû·ÑÕßµÄÏû·ÑÏ°¹ß¶¼²úÉúÒ»¸öȫеĸıä¡£ÄÇô£¬´«Í³µÄÁãÊÛÆóÒµÈçºÎ²ÅÄܸüºÃµØÓëÐÂÐ˵ĵç×ÓÉÌÎñ½áºÏÆðÀ´´Ó¶ø²úÉú¸ü´óµÄЧÒæÄØ£¿ª¤ 1 ´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµÈںϵç×ÓÉÌÎñ¾ßÓлý¼«ÒâÒ媤 1.1 µç×ÓÁãÊÛ»¥¶¯Ê½½»Á÷¸øÏû·ÑÕß·½±ãª¥ ÏÖ´úÏû·ÑÕß×î´óµÄÏû·ÑÒªÇóÊÇЧÂʺ͸öÐÔ£¬µç×ÓÉÌÎñÁãÊÛÄܺܺõØÂú×ãÕâÖÖÒªÇó¡£Ëü¸Ä±ä´«Í³ÉÌÆ·¼ä½ÓÁ÷ת»úÖÆ£¬ÒÔÒ»ÖÖ·½±ãµÄä¯ÀÀ·½Ê½£¬ÈÃÏû·ÑÕßͨ¹ýÍøÂç¶ÔÉÌÆ·ÐÅϢһĿÁËÈ»£¬´ïµ½Ç×ÁÙÏÖ³¡µÄЧ¹û, ²¢ÔÚÏßϵ¥¹ºÂò£¬¼õÉÙ·;µÄÀÍÀÛºÍÈËÔ±µÄÓµ¼·¡£ÓÈÆä¾ßÓÐÎüÒýÁ¦µÄÊǵç×ÓÁãÊÛ»¹¿ÉÒÔÏíÊܵ½Ç×ÁÙÏÖ³¡ÎÞ·¨´ïµ½µÄÄ¿±ê¡£ÀýÈ磬µ±Ïû·ÑÕß¾ö¶¨¹ºÂòijƷÅÆÉÌÆ·£¬µ«¸ÃÆ·ÅÆÏÖÓÐÉÌÆ·ÖÐûÓÐÂú×ãËûÐèÒªµÄ£¬ÔÚ´«Í³Ä£Ê½ÏÂËûÖ»ÓзÅÆú£¬¶øÔÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñÁãÊÛÖУ¬»¥¶¯Ê½½»Ò׳¡¾°£¬¼«Æä±ãÀûµØΪËûÌṩ³ö¸öÐÔÂú×ã»ú»á,¸ÃÏû·ÑÕß¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýµç×ÓÓʼþ»òµç×ÓÁôÑÔÏòÉ̼Ҷ¨»õ£¬ÊµÏÖ×Ô¼ºµÄÏû·ÑÐèÇó¡£³ý´ËÒÔÍ⣬µç×ÓÁãÊÛ»¹¾ßÓиßЧÂÊÐÔ£¬Ëü³¬Ô½ÁË´«Í³ÁãÊÛ¾­ÓªÃæ»ýµÄÏÞÖÆ£¬ÀíÂÛÉÏ¿ÉÒÔÎÞÏÞÁ¿µØ³ÂÁÐÉÌÆ·£¬Ïû·ÑÕßÒªÏë¶àä¯ÀÀ¼¸¼ÒÉÌÆ·£¬Ö»ÐèŲ¶¯Êó±ê¡£ËüͬʱͻÆÆÁË¿ª¹ØµêÃæʱ¼äµÄÏÞÖÆ£¬Ïû·ÑÕßÔÚ×Ô¼ºÐèҪʱ£¬Ëæʱ¿ÉÒÔµã»÷¹ºÂò£¬ÕâÖÖ³¬Ô½Ê±¿ÕµÄ¹ºÎï»·¾³£¬³ä·ÖÌåÏÖºÍÂú×ãÁËÏÖ´úÏû·ÑÕßµÄЧÂʹÛ¡£ª¤ 1.2 µç×ÓÁãÊÛÁ´Ìõʽ¾­ÓªÈÃÁãÊÛÉÌÊÜÒ檥 ÁãÊÛÒµÖУ¬³É±¾ºÍÀûÈóÒ»Ö±ÊÇÉ̼Ҿ­ÓªÖеÄÊ×Òª¿¼ÂÇ£¬´«Í³ÉÌÒµÁãÊÛÉÌÆ·Á÷תҪ¾­¹ý¶à¸öÅú·¢ºÍÁãÊÛÉÌ£¬×îºó²ÅÄܵ½´ïÏû·ÑÕߣ¬Á÷ͨÖм价½Ú¶à£¬´¢´æ¡¢ÔËÊäÖÜת³É±¾¸ß¡£¶øµç×ÓÁãÊÛ·½Ê½Í¨¹ý»¥ÁªÍø,ΪÉÌÆ·Á÷תÌṩÁË×îÖ±½ÓµÄ´«ÊäÇþµÀ£¬½«¹©Ó¦ÉÌ¡¢¾­ÏúÉÌ¡¢ÔËÊäÉÌ¡¢ÒøÐкÍ×îÖÕÏû·ÑÕßÁ´ÌõʽµØ½ôÃÜÁªÏµ£¬¼Æ»®¡¢²É¹º¡¢ÏúÊÛ¡¢´æ´¢ºÍÖ§¸¶µÈ»·½Ú±äµÃµ¥Ò»£¬ÁãÊÛ¹ý³ÌÓªÔ˳ɱ¾Ò²ËæÖ®¿ØÖƵ½×îµÍÏ޶ȡ£Í¬Ê±£¬ Ïû·ÑÕß¾ö¶¨¹ºÂòʱ£¬»á´ÓÍøÉÏÖ±½Óϵ¥£¬Ê¹ÁãÊÛÉÌͨ¹ýÍøÂç´ÓÏû·ÑÕß´¦Ö±½ÓµÃµ½ÐèÇóÐÅÏ¢±äµÃ¼òµ¥£¬Ò²Ê¹µÃÁãÊÛÉ̼°Ê±¡¢È«ÃæµØÕÆÎÕÏû·ÑÕ߸öÈË×ÊÁϱäΪ¿ÉÄÜ£¬ÁãÊÛÉÌÄܸüÇÐʵ¼ÊµØ¿¼ÂÇÏû·ÑÕßÏû·ÑÒªÇ󣬲¢ÒÔ´ËΪÒÀ¾ÝÌṩÏû·Ñ²úÆ·£¬¿ªÕ¹Ïû·Ñ·þÎñ£¬ÊµÏÖÒÔ²úÆ·¹ÜÀíΪÖÐÐÄתÏòÒԹ˿ÍÐèÇó¹ÜÀíΪÖÐÐÄ£¬´Ó¶øÓ®µÃ¸ü¶àµÄÖÒʵ¹Ë¿Í¡£¼¼Êõ¡¢³É±¾ºÍ¹Ë¿ÍÖҳϵÄÖ§³Ö£¬Áîµç×ÓÉÌÎñÁãÊÛÉ̶À¾ßÀûÒæÖ®Ô´¡£ª¤ 1.3 µç×ÓÁãÊÛ¿ª·ÅʽӦÓÃΪÁãÊÛ²úÒµÌíÒíª¥ ÒÔ»¥ÁªÍøƽ̨ºÍÍøÂç¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓÃΪºËÐĵĵç×ÓÉÌÎñÁãÊÛ£¬¶ÔÁãÊÛ²úÒµ·¢Õ¹ÓÅ»¯ºÍÍƶ¯×÷ÓÃÃ÷ÏÔ£¬±íÏÖΪ: ÆäÒ»£¬µç×ÓÁãÊÛÖУ¬ÖÚ¶àÁãÊÛÉ̲ÉÓÃÐÅÏ¢¼¼Êõ¿ªÕ¹ÒµÎñ£¬Ê¹´óÁ¿½»Ò×Êý¾Ý¼¯ºÏÓÚÍøÂçƽ̨£¬ÕâЩÊý¾ÝÄܹ»ºÜÈÝÒ׵ر»ÕûºÏ£¬½ø¶øת»»³ÉÓмÛÖµµÄ¹©ÇóÐÅÏ¢£¬¹©¾ö²ß²¿ÃŲο¼£¬Æä½á¹û¶ÔÓÅ»¯ÁãÊÛ²úÒµ×ÊÔ´ÅäÖã¬Ìá¸ßÐÐÒµÔËӪЧÂʾßÓÐÖ¸µ¼¼ÛÖµ£»Æä¶þ£¬µç×ÓÉÌÎñƽ̨¼¯ºÏÆðÀ´µÄÉÌÆ·¾­ÓªºÍ½»Ò×ÐÅÏ¢£¬¾ßÓи߶ȵÄ͸Ã÷ÐÔ£¬Äܹ»ºÜ´ó³Ì¶ÈÉϾ»»¯ÎÒ¹ú´«Í³ÁãÊÛ²úÒµÖÐÐÅÏ¢²»Í¸Ã÷¡¢²»¶Ô³Æ£¬Öм价½Ú·±ÔÓµÄÊг¡»·¾³£»ÆäÈý£¬ÍøÉÏÁãÊÛÍ»ÆÆÁËÁãÊÛÉ̹úÓòÄڵĿռäÏÞÖÆ£¬ÌṩÁËÃæÏòÈ«ÇòµÄչʾƽ̨£¬Í¨¹ýÕâ¸öƽ̨¿ÉÒÔ½«ÎÒ¹ú¹úÄÚÌØÉ«ÉÌÆ·ÍÆÏòÊÀ½ç£¬²¢½«¹úÍâÉÌÆ·ÐÅÏ¢·´À¡»ØÀ´£¬ÌṩÎÒ¹úÁãÊÛ²úÒµ×ßÏò¹ú¼ÊµÄÊг¡»ú»á¡£ª¤ 2 µç×ÓÉÌÎñ»·¾³Ï´«Í³ÁãÊÛÆóÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹²ßÂÔª¥ ÔÚÏÖ½ñ½×¶Î£¬µç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ³öÏÖ£¬²»½ö²»»áʹ´«Í³µÄÁãÊÛÁìÓò³ÉΪ¹ýʱ£¬Ïà·´£¬Ö»Òª´«Í³µÄÁãÊÛÆóÒµÄܹ»³ä·ÖÀûÓõç×ÓÉÌÎñƽ̨ËùÌṩµÄÏȽøÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõÀ´¼ÓÇ¿ÄÚ²¿¹ÜÀí£¬¼õµÍÍⲿ½»Ò׳ɱ¾£¬¾ÍÄÜÈ¡µÃ¸ü´óµÄЧÒæ¡£ 2.1 ´óÐÍ´«Í³ÁãÊÛÆóÒµÓëÍøÂ繫˾Ӧ¸Ã¼Ó¿ìÏ໥ÈںϵIJ½·¥ª¥ ÍøÉÏÁãÊÛÓ봫ͳÁãÊÛµÄÈںϣ¬ÓпÉÄÜÍ»ÆÆÍøÂçÏúÊÛÔ­ÓеÄÕÏ°­¡£Ò»°ãÈÏΪ£¬ÖÆÔ¼ÍøÉÏÁãÊÛ·¢Õ¹µÄÈý´óÕÏ°­£¬ÊÇȱ·¦ÅÓ´óµÄÏû·ÑȺºÍÈ«¹úϵͳµÄ»õÎïÅäËÍÌåϵ£¬ÒÔ¼°ºÏÊʵÄÍøÉÏÖ§¸¶ÊֶΡ£µ«ÔÚÎÒ¹ú£¬Ö÷ÒªÀ§ÄÑÒ»ÊÇ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©µÄÖͺ󣻶þÊǽðÈÚÍøÂ绯¡¢ÆóÒµÐÅÏ¢»¯µÈ»·½ÚµÄ±¡Èõ£»ÈýÊǹÛÄîµÄ²îÒ죬ÖйúÈË ÑÛ¼ûΪʵ µÄ´«Í³Ïû·Ñ¹ÛÄÏÞÖƵç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ·¢Õ¹£»´ËÍ⻹ÓÐרҵÈ˲ŵÄȱ·¦µÈ¡£´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµµÄ´óÉ̳¡ÔÚÓëµç×ÓÉÌÎñϵͳÏà½áºÏµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬¿É´´Ôì³öеÄÁãÊÛģʽ¡£ÀýÈçÈÕÇ° È«¹úÍøÉÏÁ¬ËøÉÌ³Ç µÄ´´½¨£¬Á¦Í¼½«È«¹ú´óÉ̳¡Çëµ½ÍøÉÏ£¬ÈÃÏû·ÑÕß×ã²»³ö»§¹ä±é´óÉ̳¡¡£ÓëÆÕͨ¹ºÎïÍøÕ¾Ïà±È£¬Õâ¸öÍøÕ¾×î´óµÄÓÅÊÆÊÇûÓÐÅäË͵ÄÆ¿¾±£¬ÒòΪ¼ÓÃËÉ̳¡ÓµÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄÅäËÍ·þÎñÌåϵ¡£É̳¡ÎªÏû·ÑÕßÌṩÍøÉϹºÎï·þÎñÊÇÒ»ÖÖÇ÷ÊÆ£¬¾¡¹ÜÏÖÔÚµÄÍøÂç»·¾³»¹²»ÍêÉÆ¡£´óÐÍÁãÊÛÆóÒµµêÖн¨Íø£¬¿ÉÀûÓÃÔ­ÓеÄÉÌÆ·ÐÅÓþ£¬¹Ë¿ÍµÄÖҳ϶È¡£Ïû·ÑÕßÔÚÍøÉϹºÂòµÄÉÌÆ·£¬¾ÍÊÇÔÚ»õ¼ÜÉÏ¿´µ½µÄÉÌÆ·£¬ ÑÛ¼ûΪʵ £¬Ôò»á·ÅÐĹºÂò¡£ª¤ 2.2 ´«Í³ÁãÊÛÆóÒµ½øÐи߿Ƽ¼¸ÄÔ죬Ìá¸ß¼¼Êõ×°±¸ºÍÐÅÏ¢¹ÜÀíˮƽª¥ ÎÒ¹ú´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹Æð²½½ÏÍí£¬¼¼Êõ×°±¸ºÍÐÅÏ¢¹ÜÀíˮƽ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÏúÊÛ·½Ê½¶¼½ÏΪÂäºó¡£ÈçPOS¡¢ECR»¹Î´ÆÕ¼°¡£Ð¾­¼ÃµÄµ½À´£¬ÎªÎÒ¹ú´«Í³ÁãÊÛÆóÒµ½øÐи߿Ƽ¼¸ÄÔì´øÀ´ÁË»úÓö¡£Ð¾­¼ÃÊÇÒÔÍøÂç¾­¼ÃºÍ¾­¼ÃÈ«Çò»¯ÎªÖ÷ÒªÌØÕ÷µÄ¡£ºó·¢Õ¹¹ú¼Ò¿ÉÓýÏÉÙµÄÖ§³ö£¬Ê¹ÓÃÊÀ½çÉÏ×îÏȽøµÄ¼ÆËã»ú¡¢ÍøÂçÉ豸¼°Èí¼þϵͳ£¬ÔÚÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõÔËÓÃÉÏÓë·¢´ï¹ú¼ÒÕ¾ÔÚͬһÆðÅÜÏßÉÏ£¬´Ó¶øÔÚÏà¹ØÁìÓòºÍÐÐҵʵÏÖ¿çԽʽ·¢Õ¹¡£ÐÅÏ¢¼¼Êõ¿ÉÒÔ¸ÄÔ촫ͳ²úÒµ£¬Ê¹Ö®¸ü¿ìµØʵÏÖÏÖ´ú»¯¡£¶øÇÒÐÅÏ¢¼¼Êõ¾ßÓд«²¥¿ìºÍ³É±¾²»¶Ï½µµÍµÄÌØÐÔ£¬ÕâΪÏñÖйúÕâÑùµÄ·¢Õ¹Öйú¼ÒʵÏÖÁãÊÛÒµµÄÌøԾʽ·¢Õ¹ÌṩÁË¿ÉÄÜ¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµ´æÔÚ×Åм¼ÊõÍƹãºÍÓ¦Óõļ«´ó¿Õ¼ä£¬´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµÓëÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõÏà½áºÏ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃµÚ¶þ¸ö³É³¤¿Õ¼ä£¬Õâ¶Ôºó·¢Õ¹¹ú¼ÒÀ´ËµÈ·ÊµÊǼӿ쾭¼Ã½á¹¹×ª»»µÄÒ»´ÎÄѵûúÓö¡£ª¤ 2.3 ÌṩÒÔÈËΪ±¾µÄ¸öÐÔ»¯·þÎñª¥ ÁãÊÛҵͨ¹ýÍøÂçÏò¹Ë¿ÍÌṩ·þÎñ£¬ÊÇÒÔÖ±½ÓµÄÉÌÒµÐÅÏ¢ÁªÂçΪÏȵ¼µÄ£¬Á˽âÿ¸ö¹Ë¿ÍµÄÌØÊâÐèÇ󣬼ÓÇ¿Óë¹Ë¿ÍµÄÁªÏµ£¬²ÅÄÜÓ®µÃÊг¡¡£ÈçÃÀ¹úDellµçÄÔ¹«Ë¾ÊµÐÐÍøÂçÏúÊÛ£¬¹Ë¿Í¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¹«Ë¾µÄÖ÷Ò³ÉϽøÐÐÑ¡ÔñºÍ×éºÏµçÄÔ£¬¹«Ë¾µÄÊÇÉú²ú²¿ÃÅÂíÉϸù¾ÝÒªÇó×éÖ¯Éú²ú£¬²¢Í¨¹ýÓÊÕþ¹«Ë¾¼ÄËÍ£¬¼«¾ß¸öÐÔ»¯¡£ÑÇÂíѷͨ¹ý½¨Á¢¶ÁÕß¡¢×÷Õß¡¢±àÕßÓë³ö°æÕßÖ®¼ä»¥Ï༴ʱ¹µÍ¨µÄƽ̨£¬´´ÔìÁËÓµÓÐ80Íò»áÔ±µÄ ÔÚÏ߶ÁÕßÉçÇø £¬Ê¹ÍøÕ¾¿ÉÒԱȽÏÈÝÒ×µØÊÕ¼¯µ½¶ÁÕßµÄÐÅÏ¢¡¢È¤Î¶ºÍËûÃǵĹºÂòÐèÇ󣬴ӶøÄܸü¿ìµØÏòËûÃÇÍƼöÆäËùÐèµÄÐÂÊé¡£ÎÒ¹úµÄº£¶û¹«Ë¾ÊµÏÖÁËÍøÉϽ»Òס¢ÍøÉÏÖ§¸¶ºÍʵÎïÅäËÍ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÊÛºó·þÎñ eÍøͨ £¬°ÑÒ»¸ö»¥¶¯µÄ¡¢Áã¾àÀëµÄÖйúÐǼ¶·þÎñд´¾ÙÕ¹ÏÖÔÚ¹úÈËÃæÇ°¡£ÔÚÍøÉÏʵÏÖ¸öÐÔ»¯·þÎñÄ£¿é»¯µÄ¶¨ÖÆ£¬²»½öÔÚÎÒ¹úÉÐÊôÊ״Σ¬ÔÚ¹ú¼Ê¼ÒµçÒµÒ²ÊÇÁìÏȵÄ£¬Ëü½«¸öÐÔ»¯µÄ¶¨ÖƺÍÐǼ¶·þÎñÒ»ÌõÁúÓëµç×ÓÉÌÎñÏà½áºÏ£¬ÔÚÍøÉÏʵÏÖÁË¿ìËÙ¸öÐÔ»¯·þÎñ¡£×ÜÖ®£¬Ôڳɱ¾ºÍ¼¼ÊõÖ§³ÖµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬×î´óÏ޶ȵØΪ¹Ë¿ÍÌṩ¸öÐÔ»¯·þÎñ£¬ÊǽñºóÁãÊÛÆóÒµÉú´æµÄ¸ù±¾¡£ª¥ ×ÛÉÏËùÊö£¬ÍøÉÏÁãÊÛÓëÍøÏÂÁãÊÛ¡¢ÐéÄâÁãÊÛÓëÏÖʵÁãÊÛ³ÊÏÖ³öÈںϵÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£B2C µç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ·¢Õ¹Èç¹ûûÓд«Í³ÁãÊÛÆóÒµµÄ¼ÓÃË£¬µç×ÓÉÌÎñÈÈÖ»ÄÜÍ£ÁôÔÚÖ½ÃæÉϵij´×÷Ö®ÖУ¬¶ø´«Í³ÁãÊÛÒµÈç¹û²»Ë³Ó¦Ð¾­¼ÃµÄ³±Á÷£¬¼ÓÈëµç×ÓÉÌÎñÖÐÀ´£¬¾Í»áºÜ¿ì±»Êг¡ËùÌÔÌ­¡£Òò´Ë£¬±ØÐë´´ÔìÌõ¼þ£¬¼Ó¿ìÍøÉÏÁãÊÛÓ봫ͳÁãÊÛµÄÈںϲ½·¥£¬´Ù½øÕû¸öÁãÊÛÁìÓòÄËÖÁÕû¸öÁ÷ͨÁìÓòÏò¸ü¸ß²ã´Î·¢Õ¹¡£ÔðÈα༭£º¹í¹È×Ó ÂÛ·þÎñ¾­¼Ãʱ´úµÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí

ÕªÒª£ºËæ×ÅÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬ÂÃÓÎÆóÒµ¶ÔÂÃÓÎÀàÈ˲űÈÒÔÍùÓÐÁËеĸü¸ßµÄÐèÇó¡£Ö÷Ҫͨ¹ýÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì¿ª·¢µÄÑо¿Óëʵ¼ù£¬ÎªÂÃÓÎÀà¸ßְԺУÕÒµ½Ò»ÌõºÏÀíµÄÈ˲ÅÅàÑø;¾¶£¬Îª¸ß¼¼ÄÜÂÃÓθ´ºÏÐÍÈ˲ŵÄÆÕ¼°Ì½Ë÷³öÒ»Ìõз¡£ Ëæ×ÅÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄѸËÙÆÕ¼°£¬ÂÃÓÎÒµÒѽøÈëÍøÂ绯¡¢¶àÔª»¯·½Ïò·¢Õ¹£¬´òÆÆÁË´«Í³µÄµ¥Î»ÐÔ¡¢µØÓòÐԺ͹ú½çÐԵľÖÏÞ¡£ÂÃÓÎÒµ×÷Ϊµç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÒ»¸öÖØÒªÓ¦ÓÃÁìÓò£¬ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÕýÔÚ³ÉΪһÖÖոеÄÉÌÎñÊֶΣ¬ÍøÂç¾­¼ÃºÍÍøÂçÌåÑéÕýÔÚ´Ó¸ù±¾ÉϸıäÈËÃÇ´«Í³µÄÂÃÓη½Ê½ºÍ˼Ïë¹ÛÄî¡£ 1 ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÈ˲ÅÅàÑøµÄ±ØÒªÐÔ ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ×÷ΪһÖÖÐÂÐ˵ÄÂÃÓÎÉÌÎñ»î¶¯·½Ê½£¬ÆäÔö³¤ÊÆÍ·¡¢Ó¦Ó÷¶Î§ºÍ²úÉúµÄ½»Ò×ÊýÁ¿ÒѲ»¿ÉºöÊÓ£¬ÕâÒ²ÒªÇóÏÖ´úÂÃÓÎÆóÒµ¹Ø×¢¡¢ÈÏʶ¡¢ÀûÓúÍÑо¿ÕâÖÖΪÂÃÓÎÒµ´´Ôìոз¢Õ¹Ç÷ÊƵĻúÓö¡£Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬ÂÃÓÎÆóÒµµÄµç×ÓÉÌÎñÓ¦Ó÷¢Õ¹Òª¾­ÀúËĸö½×¶Î£ºÁ¬½Óµ½»¥ÁªÍø·¢²¼ÂÃÓÎÆóÒµÐÅÏ¢£»ÀûÓû¥ÁªÍø½øÐÐÍøÉÏÏúÊÛ£»ÊµÏÖÈ«Á÷³ÌµÄÍøÉϽ»Ò×£»½«ÂÃÓÎÆóÒµµÄÒµÎñתÒƵ½»¥ÁªÍøÉÏ£¬³ÉΪÕæÕýµÄÍøÂçÐÍÆóÒµ¡£ÔÚµÚÒ»½×¶ÎÖУ¬ÂÃÓÎÐèÒªµÄ´ó¶àÊǶ®ÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄ¼¼ÊõÀàÈ˲Å¡£¶øÄ¿Ç°£¬ÎÒ¹úÂÃÓÎÆóÒµ¶àÊýÕý´¦ÔÚµÚ¶þ¡¢µÚÈý½×¶Î£¬Ô­À´ÄÇЩ½ö¾ßÓм¼Êõ±³¾°µÄÈ˲Å£¬²»¾ß±¸ÂÃÓÎѧÏà¹ØÀíÂÛ£¬»ò½ö¶®ÂÃÓÎÒµÎñµÄÈ˲ÅÒѾ­ºÜÄÑÂú×ãÂÃÓÎÆóÒµ·¢Õ¹ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÐèÇó¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÂÃÓÎÆóÒµ¶ÔÂÃÓÎÀàÈ˲űÈÒÔÍùÓÐÁËеĸü¸ßµÄÐèÇ󣬽«´Óµ¥´¿µÄ¼¼ÊõÐÍÍøÕ¾½¨Éèά»¤È˲ÅÏò¸´ºÏÐ͵ÄÉÌÎñÐÍÈ˲Åת»»¡£ÂÃÓÎÆóÒµ¼±ÐèÒ»´óÅú¼ÈÕÆÎÕµç×ÓÉÌÎñ¼¼ÄÜ£¬ÓÖ¶ÔÂÃÓÎÆóÒµ¸÷²¿ÃÅÒÔ¼°ÂÃÓÎÊг¡µÄÔË×÷ÓÐÒ»¶¨Á˽âµÄ¸ß¼¼ÄÜÂÃÓθ´ºÏÐÍÈ˲Å£¬¸ÃÀàÈ˲Ž«Ëæ×ÅÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÒµµÄѸËÙ·¢Õ¹¶øÊÜÖØÓᣠÍøÂçʱ´úµÄµ½À´´ÙʹÂÃÓνÌÓý±ØÐë¸úÉÏÕâ¸öʱ´úµÄ²½·¥£¬ÂÃÓνÌÓýÓëµç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ½áºÏÎÞÒÉÊÇ×îºÃµÄÌåÏÖ¡£¶øÎÒ¹úµÄÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ֪ʶÉÐδÆÕ¼°£¬ÓÉÓÚÈ˲ÅÅàÑøµÄÖͺó£¬È˲ŶÌȱÒѳÉΪÎÒ¹úÔÚ·¢Õ¹ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÉÏËùÃæ¶ÔµÄÖî¶àÎÊÌâÖÐ×î¸ù±¾¡¢×î½ôÆȵÄÎÊÌâÖ®Ò»¡£Òò´Ë£¬»ý¼«ÅàÑøÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÈ˲Å£¬¼°Ê±¿ªÕ¹ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì¿ª·¢µÄÑо¿¼°Êµ¼ùÊǺÜÓбØÒªµÄ¡£ 2 ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì¿ª·¢ÏÖ×´ ÎÒ¹úµÄÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÀíÂÛÑо¿¡¢È˲ÅÅàÑø¡¢½ÌÓý½ÌѧµÈһϵÁÐÑо¿ÈÔ´¦ÓÚÃÈÑ¿½×¶Î¡£Ïֽ׶Σ¬ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³ÌÌåϵ´óÖ¿ɷÖΪÁ½ÖÖ£ºÒ»ÖÖÊÇ µã׺ÐÍ £¬½«Ô­ÓÐÂÃÓιÜÀíרҵµÄ¿Î³ÌÌåϵÂÔ¼ÓÐ޸ģ¬µã׺¸ö±ð¼¸Ãŵç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì£»ÁíÒ»ÖÖÊÇ Æ´ÅÌÐÍ £¬ÂÃÓιÜÀí¿Î³Ì¡¢¼ÆËã»ú¿Î³ÌºÍµç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³ÌµÄ¼òµ¥×éºÏ£¬ÕâÑùµÄ¿Î³Ì½á¹¹¸ù±¾²»ÄÜÅàÑø³öÊг¡ÐèÒªµÄÈ˲Å¡£ ΪÁËʵÏÖÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÈ˲ŵÄÅàÑø£¬¹úÄÚÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ½ÌÓýÖ÷ÒªÓÉÂÃÓÎÀàÔº¡¢Ïµ¿ª°ìµÄÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñרҵ£¬»òÔÚÂÃÓÎÏà¹Øרҵ¿ªÉèÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì£¬ÓÉÓÚÁ½ÕßÉúÔ´ÊýÁ¿µÄ²î¾à£¬ºóÕ߸üÓÐÀûÓÚÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÈ˲ŵÄÆÕ¼°¡£¶øÂÃÓÎÏà¹ØרҵѧÉúËäÈ»ÂÃÓÎÀíÂÛ»ù´¡½ÏºÃ£¬µ«¼ÆËã»ú»ù´¡¼°ÍøÂçÓ¦ÓÃÄÜÁ¦½Ï²î£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì¿ª·¢ÖУ¬Òª¸ù¾ÝÂÃÓÎÏà¹ØרҵѧÉúµÄÌص㣬±Ü¿ª½ÏÉîµÄ¼¼ÊõÎÊÌ⣬½ô½ô½áºÏÂÃÓÎÀà¹ÜÀíµÄ¹¤×÷ʵ¼Ê£¬ÅàÑøѧÉú´ÓÊÂÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ×éÖ¯ºÍ¹ÜÀíÄÜÁ¦¼°ÔËÓÃÍøÂ繤¾ß´ÓÊÂÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬ÒÔ¼°·¢ÏÖÂÃÓÎÉÌÒµ»ú»áµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬Ìá¸ßѧÉúµÄ¾ÍÒµÄÜÁ¦¡£ÕâΪÂÃÓÎÀà¸ßְԺУÕÒµ½Ò»ÌõºÏÀíµÄÈ˲ÅÅàÑø;¾¶£¬ÎªÂÃÓÎÏà¹ØרҵµÄ·¢Õ¹Ìá³öÁËеÄÌôÕ½¡£ 3 ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì¿ª·¢Óëʵ¼ù ÔÚÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì¿ª·¢¹ý³ÌÖУ¬²»Í¬µÄѧУ£¬¸ù¾Ý×Ô¼ºµÄѧ¿ÆÓÅÊÆ£¬Õë¶Ô²»Í¬µÄÊг¡Ä¿±ê£¬²ÉÈ¡²»Í¬µÄÅàÑøģʽ£¬Í»³ö¸÷×ÔµÄÌØÉ«¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ±£³Ö¸÷У¶àÑùÐÔµÄͬʱ£¬Ó¦¸ÃÇ¿µ÷ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì½¨ÉèµÄͳһÐÔ¡£ 3.1Ã÷È·ÅàÑøÄ¿±ê ÅàÑøÄ¿±êµÄ¶¨Î»Òª½áºÏ¸÷×ÔÔº¡¢ÏµµÄÓÅÊƺÍÊг¡¶ÔÈ˲ŵÄÐèÇ󣬽«ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÈ˲Åϸ·Ö£¬ÌåÏÖ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄÌØÉ«ºÍ¶¨Î»£¬´Ó¶øΪ½Ìѧ¼Æ»®µÄÖƶ¨ºÍ½ÌѧÄÚÈݵÄÑ¡ÔñÌṩÃ÷È·µÄ·½ÏòºÍ·¶Î§¡£ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ±¾ÖÊÊÇÂÃÓÎÉÌó»î¶¯£¬µç×Ó¼¼ÊõÖ»ÊÇÊֶΣ¬ÒªÓÐÔúʵµÄÂÃÓξ­¼ÃÓë¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛ»ù´¡£¬ÊìÁ·²Ù×÷ÂÃÓÎÆóÒµµç×ÓÉÌÎñϵͳ£¬¾ß±¸Ó¦ÓÃÏÖ´úÐÅÏ¢¼¼Êõ¿ªÕ¹ÂÃÓÎÉÌÎñ»î¶¯µÄÄÜÁ¦¡£ 3.2¿ÆѧÖƶ¨½Ìѧ¼Æ»® ÔÚÖƶ¨ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ½Ìѧ¼Æ»®Ê±£¬ÒªÒÀÍÐÊг¡£¬Í¨¹ý ÐÞ¶© ʵ¼ù ÔÙÐÞ¶© ÔÙʵ¼ù µÄ¶¯Ì¬¹ý³Ì£¬Ê¹ÀíÂÛ½ÌѧÓëʵ¼ù½Ìѧ¸üÇ÷ºÏÀí£¬½Ìѧ¼Æ»®¸ü¼Ó¿Æѧ»¯£¬´ÙʹѧÉúÔÚ֪ʶѧϰµÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÌá¸ßѧϰÄÜÁ¦£¬²¢°Ñ֪ʶÄÚ»¯ÎªËØÖÊ£¬ÍâÏÔΪÄÜÁ¦¡£ 3.3¹æ·¶¿Î³Ì½ÌѧÄÚÈÝ ÓÉÓÚ¸ßУÔÚ¶ÔÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÈÏʶÉÏ´æÔÚ²îÒ죬ÔڶԿγÌÄÚÈݵÄÑ¡ÔñÉÏÒ²ÓкܴóµÄ²»Í¬¡£¶àÊý¸ßУÔÚÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì½ÌѧÖлòÆ«ÖØÓÚ¼¼Êõ£¬»òÃ÷ÏÔÆ«Ïò¾­¼ÃÀ࣬ÂÃÓÎÀàÄÚÈÝÖ»Êdz䵱µã׺£¬Ñ§Éú½ÓÊܵ½µÄ֪ʶ×ÔȻҲ¾ÍÊÇƬÃæµÄ£¬ÍÑÀëÁËÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ±¾Òâ¡£ ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³ÌÄÚÈÝÒª¼á³Ö°´ÕÕ¸´ºÏÐÍÈ˲ÅÅàÑøµÄ¾ßÌåÒªÇó£¬ÖØÊÓÂÃÓκÍÉÌÎñ¹ÜÀí֪ʶÓëÏà¹ØµÄ¼¼ÊõµÄ¸´ºÏÐÔ£¬ÈçÔÚ½ÌѧÖÐÔö¼ÓÂÃÓÎÐÅÏ¢±à¼­¡¢ÍøÂçÊг¡µ÷ÑеÈÄÚÈÝ£¬¿ÉÒԺܺõØ×ÛºÏѧÉúµÄÂÃÓÎÏà¹Ø֪ʶÓëÍøÂçÐÅÏ¢±à¼­¼¼ÊõÄÜÁ¦¡£Ç¿»¯¿Î³ÌÄÚÈݸĸ»ý¼«¿ªÕ¹°¸Àý½ÌѧµÈÊֶΣ¬ÔöǿѧÉú֪ʶ½á¹¹µÄÍâÏòÐÔ£¬²»¶ÏÅàÑøѧÉú´´Ð´´ÒµµÄÄÜÁ¦ºÍËØÑø¡£ 3.4×¢ÖØʵ¼ù½Ìѧ ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ì¾ßÓкÜÇ¿µÄ²Ù×÷ÐÔ£¬¸üÆÈÇеØÐèҪȫÃæ¼ÓǿʵÑéʵ¼ù½Ìѧ»·½Ú¡£ÓÉÓÚÎÒ¹úµÄÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµ½Ä¿Ç°»¹Í£ÁôÔڽϵͲã´Î£¬¹úÄÚÕæÕýʵÏÖÍøÉϽ»Ò×£¬ÍøÉÏÒµÎñ´¦Àí¡¢ÍøÉÏÖ§¸¶µÄÂÃÓÎÆóÒµºÜÉÙ£¬ËùÒÔÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñרҵÈ˲Åʵ¼ù¶ÍÁ¶µÄ»ú»á½ÏÉÙ¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ñ§ÔºÒÀ¾Ýʵ¼ÊÇé¿öºÍ·¢Õ¹ÐèÒª£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÐÑ¡ÔñÐԵزÉÈ¡ÒÔϾßÌå´ëÊ©£º£¨1£©½¨Á¢¶àýÌåÍøÂç½ÌÊÒ£¬ÅàÑøѧÉúµÄ¼ÆËã»úÍøÂçÔËÓÃÄÜÁ¦£¬Í¨¹ýInternet¶ÔµäÐ͵ÄÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¹«Ë¾ÍøÕ¾µÄÔË×÷¼°Éè¼Æ¼¼Êõ½øÐзÖÎöÑо¿£¬ÒÔÊÊÓ¦ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³Ìʵ¼ùÐÔ½ÌѧµÄÐèÒª¡££¨2£©³ä·ÖÀûÓÃУ԰ÍøÓÅÊÆ£¬Ò԰༶Ϊµ¥Î»£¬½¨Á¢ÂÃÓÎÍøÕ¾£¬¹æ»®Éè¼ÆÆäµç×ÓÉÌÎñģʽ¼°ÏµÍ³£¬ÔÚУ԰ÍøÉÏ¿ªÕ¹ÂÃÓÎÉÌÎñ»î¶¯£¬ÕÆÎÕÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÓ¦ÓÃϵͳµÄ»ù±¾¿ª·¢¼¼ÄܺÍʵ¼ÊÔË×÷¡££¨3£©½¨Á¢Ð£Íâʵ¼ù½Ìѧʵϰ»ùµØ£¬×é֯ѧÉúÉîÈëµ½ÂÃÓÎÆóÒµ¡¢·¹µê»òÕþ¸®µÄÂÃÓÎÐÅÏ¢¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅ£¬¶ÔÔÚÏßÂÃÓλ¡¢ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¸÷»·½ÚµÄ²Ù×÷¹ý³ÌÔÚÏà¹ØÈËÔ±Ö¸µ¼Ï½øÐÐʵ¼Ê²Ù×÷£¬¶ÔÂÃÓβúÆ·ÔÚÏßÓªÏúµÄÏà¹ØÎÊÌâ·ÖÎö¼°Ìá³ö½â¾ö·½°¸½¨Ò飬ÒÔÅàÑøѧÉúµÄ¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓÃÄÜÁ¦£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²½«³ÉΪѧÉú¾ÍÒµµÄÒ»ÌõÓÐЧ;¾¶¡££¨4£©½¨Á¢ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÄ£ÄâʵÑéÊÒ£¬Í¨¹ýÄ£ÄâÈí¼þµÄ²Ù×÷£¬Ñ§Éú½øÐÐÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÄ£Äâ¡¢ÂÃÓÎÒµÎñÄ£Äâ¡¢ÍøÂçÓªÏúÄ£Ä⣬ʹѧÉúÁ˽âÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ¸÷¸ö»·½ÚÒÔ¼°²Ù×÷µÄÁ÷³Ì£¬Êǽâ¾öÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñʵ¼ù»·½ÚµÄÓÐЧ;¾¶£¬ÊÇѧÉú×ÛºÏÔËÓÃËùѧ֪ʶ½â¾öʵ¼ÊÎÊÌâµÄ±£ÕÏ¡£ 3.5¼Óǿרҵ½Ì²Ä¿ª·¢ ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ½Ì²ÄµÄ¿ª·¢ÒªÁ¢×ãÓÚ¼ÈÓÐÀíÂÛ¹ã¶ÈºÍÉî¶È£¬ÒªÏêϸ½éÉÜÂÃÓÎÆóÒµµç×ÓÉÌÎñ»î¶¯Ï¸½ÚºÍÁ÷³Ì£¬ÓÖÄÜÌáÉýѧÉúÔÚÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ·½ÃæµÄʵ¼ùÓ¦ÓÃÄÜÁ¦£¬ÄÜÂú×ãÂÃÓÎÆóÒµµÄÒ»ÏßÈ˲ÅÐèÒª¡£ 3.6¼Óǿʦ×ʶÓÎ齨Éè Ïֽ׶Σ¬ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÀÏʦ¶àÊý´Ó¼ÆËã»ú¼°ÆäËüרҵת¶ø½²ÊÚÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÏà¹Ø¿Î³Ì£¬¶®¼¼ÊõµÄ²»¶®ÂÃÓΣ¬¶®ÂÃÓεÄÓÖ²»Äܼæ¹Ë¼¼Êõ£¬¸ù±¾ÎÞ·¨Ê¤ÈÎÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ½Ìѧ¡£Òò´Ë£¬¹ÄÀø½Ìʦ½ÓÊÜÅàѵ¡¢½øÐÞ£¬ÈýÌʦ²ÎÓëµ½ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄʵ¼ÊÔË×÷¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ôö¼Ó½Ìѧ°¸ÀýÀ´Ô´£¬°ÑÎÕÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ·¢Õ¹µÄ×îж¯Ì¬£¬ÒÔ¿ÆÑдø¶¯½Ìѧ£¬½¨Á¢¹ã·ºµÄѧÊõºÏ×÷¡¢Ð£ÆóºÏ×÷¹Øϵ£¬Í¨¹ýѧÊõÑо¿£¬´Ù½øѧ¿ÆµÄ½¨ÉèºÍ·¢Õ¹¡£ ×ÜÖ®£¬Í¨¹ýÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿Î³ÌµÄ¿ª·¢Ñо¿Óëʵ¼ù½«Ê÷Á¢Ò»¸öеĹÛÄ¼´ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ×÷Ϊ¹«¹²¿Î³Ì×ß½øÂÃÓÎÏà¹ØרҵµÄ¿ÎÌ㬰ÑÒýµ¼Ñ§ÉúÕýÈ·Ó¦ÓÃÍøÂç¼°ÅàÑøѧÉúÏÖ´úÉÌÒµÒâʶ·Åµ½ÖØҪλÖã¬ÎªÊµÏÖÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÈ˲ŵÄÆÕ¼°×ö³öÖØÒª¹±Ïס£ ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× [1]Ö£ÖÒÑô.ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñʵÎñ[M].¹þ¶û±õ£º¹þ¶û±õµØͼ³ö°æÉ磬2007. [2]Àîè´·¼.ÎÒ¹úÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñÈ˲ÅÅàÑøģʽÓëÅàÑø¶Ô²ßÑо¿[EB/OL].Íò·½Êý¾Ý£¬2007. [3]Àî°Á˪.¼ÓÇ¿ÂÃÓεç×ÓÉÌÎñ½ÌÓýµÄ̽Ë÷[J].±±·½¾­Ã³£¬2005£¨11£©. ¡¾¡¿ ÔðÈα༭£ºlcl µç×ÓÉÌÎñ¶ÔÆóÒµµÄÓ°Ïì